Yellow/white phosphorus

PHOSPHORUS WHITE Yellow phosphorus Flammable Solid, I 3 3 t ... 

Red (amorphous) phosphorus sublimes at 416°C white (yellow) phosphorus is a pale yellow, waxy, translucent solid mp, 44°C usually stored under water. Red yields the white form when distilled at 29CTC.1... 

Phosphate Phosphine Phosphoric acid Phosphorus (white, yellow)... 

Both yellow and red phosphorus ignite on contact with fluorine and chlorine red ignites in liquid bromine or in a heptane solution of chlorine at 0°C. Yellow phosphorus explodes in liquid bromine or chlorine, and ignites in contact with bromine vapour or solid iodine [1]. Interaction of bromine and white phosphorus in carbon disulfide gives a slimy by-product which explodes violently on heating [2], Interaction of phosphorus and iodine in carbon disulfide is rather rapid [3], A less hazardous preparation of diphosphorus tetraiodide from phosphorus trichloride and potassium iodide in ether is recommended [4],... 

Yellow phosphorus (known also as white phosphorus) is produced by reducing phosphate rock (calcium phosphate or calcium fluorophosphate) with carbon in the presence of silica as flux heat of reaction is furnished by an electric-arc furnace. 

The gaseous WP (P4) is distilled from the furnace by condensing with water. The WP allotrope that is formed by this process is a white waxy solid with a m.p. of 45 °C that should be kept under water to prevent its contact with air where it spontaneously ignites because of its extreme reactivity. It is also known as yellow phosphorus because most commercially-produced material exhibits yellow coloration. Red phosphorus (RP) is thermodynamically more stable than the white... 

Energy also is involved in transitions from one allotropic form to another, or from one crystal form to another. To change a mole of red phosphorus to yellow phosphorus, we must supply 4.22 kilocalories (AHT = +4.22 kcal/mole), and when 1 mole of yellow silicon disulfide changes to white silicon disulfide, 3.11 kcal is liberated (AHT = -3.11 kcal/mole). 

Calcium Hypophosphite. CAS 7789-79-9, CalHiPOi) . white solid, snluhilily 15.4 g/100 g HiO at 2VC, formed (I) bv (toiling calcium hydroxide suspension in water and yellow phosphorus, (2) by reaction of calcium carbonate or hydroxide and hypophosphorous acid. 

H. W. B. Roozeboom suggested that the relations between white and red phosphorus may be like those of cyanogen, and that the vap. press, curve of liquid yellow phosphorus may terminate below the m.p. of the violet form he also said that it may be that liquid yellow phosphorus is super-cooled violet phosphorus. A. Smits and co-workers showed that liquid yellow phosphorus is to be taken as super-cooled liquid violet phosphorus. It is usual to consider under-cooled liquids as being still in the liquid state, and since yellow phosphorus crystallizes in the... 

He found that with ordinary commercial red phosphorus with 98 per cent, phosphorus, there dissolved 0-056 and 0-108 per cent, of phosphorus in respectively 10 and 42 hrs., and with a finely-divided sample 0-092 and 0-116 percent, phosphorus in 10 and 20 hrs. respectively. R. Schenck found that 100 grms. of phosphorus tribromide dissolved 0-2601 grm. of scarlet phosphorus at 172°, and 0-3634 grm. at 184°. E. Baudrimont showed that yellow phosphorus does not attack phosphoryl bromide at the b.p. L. Rosenstein found that soln. of arsenates, and arsenic, antimony, or bismuth salts are not reduced by boiling with red phosphorus but W. Finkelstein found that a nitrobenzene soln. of arsenic trichloride is reduced by yellow phosphorus and arsenic is deposited. 0. Ruff observed that phosphorus reacts with antimony trichloride in the presence of a little aluminium chloride. F. E. Brown and J. E. Snyder observed that vanadium oxytrichloride is without action on red or white phosphorus. 

W. Ipatieff and W. Nikolaieff observed the formation of phosphine when white phosphorus is heated with hydrogen in a sealed tube at 360° and when water-gas at 400 atm. press, acts on lead phosphate. J. Brossler said that if white phosphorus be added to a mixture of zinc and dil. sulphuric acid, in a short time, spontaneously inflammable phosphine will be produced and if a cone. soln. of alkali hydroxide and zinc be mixed with yellow phosphorus, the spontaneously inflammable gas will be given off at about 60° if the temp, be below 20°, the gas evolved is not spontaneously inflammable. H. Davy, and L. Dusart showed that the gas obtained by the action of zinc and dil. acids on yellow phosphorus contains phosphine, although J. B. A. Dumas questioned the fact. D. Vitali observed that the presence of mercuric chloride retards the formation of phosphine. J. Brossler obtained phosphine by the action of hydrochloric acid and a few drops of nitric acid on tin in the presence of yellow phosphorus. The formation of phosphine during the action of ammonia, and of water on yellow phosphorus has been indicated in connection with the chemical reactions of phosphorus. 

In the preparation of phosphorus tetritoxide by exposing to air for 24 hrs. yellow phosphorus under a layer of phosphorus trichloride, a thick white crust is formed on the surface of the phosphorus and above and below this a yellow layer of a complex with the composition 4P40.3PS05. The phosphorus trichloride is decanted off, the pieces of phosphorus to which the complex adheres are separated from one another and put into water. The complex dissolves in water, forming a yellow soln. which is poured off from the phosphorus. At 80°, the product decomposes into phosphorio acid, and yellow flakes of a hydrated phosphorus suboxide of unknown composition. 

Pure white phosphorus is a colorless-to-white waxy solid, but commercial white phosphorus is usually yellow. Therefore, it is also known as yellow phosphorus. 

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