White, waste disposal

Halford, D.K., O.D. Markham, and G.C. White. 1983. Biological elimination rates of radioisotopes by mallards contaminated at a liquid radioactive waste disposal area. Health Phys. 45 745-756. 

Reactions for Spillage and Waste Disposal 2P + 5CuS04 + SHjO -> 5Cu + 2HSP04 + 5H.SO, white... 

G. McCarthy, W. White, D. Smith, A. Lasaga, R. Ewing, A. Nicol, and R. Roy, ed. R. Roy, Mineral Models for Crystalline Hosts for Radionuclides in Radioactive Waste Disposal, The Waste Package, vol. 1. 

In the spring of 1993, the Russian report. Facts and Problems Related to Radioactive Waste Disposal in Seas Adjacent to the Territory of the Russian Federation [1], was released. The findings presented in that report were the result of a scientific study commissioned in October 1992 by the Office of the President of the Russian Federation. Related to the Arctic area, the White Book, as the report was later called, reported that ... 

Facts and Problems Related to Radioactive Waste Disposal in Seas Adjacent to the Territory of the Russian Federation, Office of the President of the Russian Federation ("White Book-93"), Moscow (1993), 20-41. 

In a study of insect-plant relationships at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Crossley (1963) utilized a field nuclear waste site containing Cs. Chrysomela knabi beetle larvae were collected on leaves from willow trees (Salix nigra) growing on White Oak Lake bed. This lake was formerly a low-level waste disposal site at the laboratory, and the sediments contained various radionuclides, including Cs. Consequently, the leaves of the willow tree contained Cs... 

Semidry Scrubbers The advantage of semidry scrubbers is in that they remove contaminants by way of a solid waste that is easier to dispose of (less expensive). Initially, the scrubbing medium is wet (such as a lime or soda ash slurry). Then a spray dryer is used to atomize the slurry into the gas which evaporates the water in the droplets. As this takes place, the acid in the gas neutralizes the alkali material and forms a fine white solid. Most of the white solids are removed at the bottom of the scrubber while some are carried into the gas stream and have to be removed by a filter or electrostatic precipitator (discussed later). Although semidry systems cost 5-15% more than wet systems, when combined with a fabric filter, they can achieve 90-95% efficiencies. Dry scrubbers are sometimes used in a very similar fashion, but without the help of gas-liquid-solid mass transfer, these systems use much higher amounts of the solid alkali materials. 

Two important sources of elemental phosphorus in soil are the creation of slag piles during the production of white phosphorus, and the disposal of solid wastes containing elemental phosphorus in hazardous waste landfills (Berkowitz et al. 1981 Idler et al. 1981). The field use of WP/F and red phosphorus/butyl rubber smoke/obscurant releases elemental phosphorus into soil primarily as unburnt phosphorus in munitions (Berkowitz et al. 1981 ... 

There remain over the low-level radioactive wastes, largely ruthenium, mercury, and chromium. These metals are in the form of soluble nitrates The problem is that any disposal scheme that allows the material to reach the ground water may result in contamination. Were those nitrates to be reduced eventually to ammonia and even molecular nitrogen, this would remove the hazard (Hobbs and White, 1992). If the economics justified it, some of the metals would be recovered. The rest would be stored as oxides. 

Where the coal tar creosote is in well-oxygenated conditions, lignin degrading fungi like the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida can remove much of the PAH fraction (Davis et al. 1993). This fungus can also biodegrade PCP, which has often become mixed with the wastes found at creosote production or disposal sites. 

McCarthy GJ, White WB, PfoetschDE (1978) Synthesis of nuclear waste monazites, ideal actinide hosts for geologic disposal. Mater Res Bull 13 1239-1245... 

White I.F.. Smith G.M., Saunders L.J.. Kaye C.J., Martin T.J. and Knowles A.N., Management and Disposal of Graphite Waste in Decommissioning of Nuclear Power Plants , Comm. European Communities Conference Proceedings EUR 9474. 1984... 

A color-coded plastic bucket system has evolved to help route various wastes to their proper disposal sites and minimize injuries to custodial staff and waste handlers. This system includes using red buckets for mercury-contaminated materials yellow buckets for broken, non-contaminated glass white buckets for other hazardous wastes standard wastebaskets for ordinary trash and blue buckets for spill clean-up materials. Students are informed of these distinctions at the very beginning of lab each term and throughout the term as needed since all of these buckets are used in each teaching lab. 

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