What Should Be Done

Decision. Whereas a conclusion that conditions are to some degree unsafe requires that something be done, what should be done depends on the range and impact of the conclusion. The problem may be easy to correct, or it may no longer exist. The data may describe past conditions that do not presendy exist but may recur. It may be that the only possible decision is to undertake significant exposure reduction efforts at great cost. The possibiUty of each decision should have been anticipated when the evaluation was plarmed so that the data in hand support the decision that must be made. 

A good review of a field will often give interesting and useful ideas to older scientists, already knowledgable in other fields. Other scientists in the same field as that being reviewed can usually profit from careful study of a review, because the writer and the reader have different backgrounds, different evaluations of the relative importance of previous researches, and different ideas as to what should be done next. 

During and after programmes of professional development and curriculum evolution, any innovatory curriculum in the triplet relationship will be put into operation in classrooms. As the pmpose of teaching is to promote learning, what should be done in classrooms to maximise the desired learning Black Atkin (1996) have summarised the traditional assumptions about learning that have proved so unsatisfactory in the past. These are that... 

What should be done is to bring together the results obtained ... 

What should be done to confirm the diagnosis of malignant melanoma ... 

In Chapter 8 it will be determined how best to use all the energy available. For instance, what should be done with the water leaving the polystyrene cooling baths and/or the steam condensate Both these streams are hotter than the incoming process water. Should the water from the cooling baths be used as feed to the reactors Should the steam condensate be returned to the boilers or sent to the reactors ... 

The link between the ecological/ecotoxicological risk assessment and the risk management frameworks is demonstrated. The ecological risk assessment consists of seven interactive elements (Fig. 17). The quantitative and descriptive science used to conduct ERA (Table 5) does not answer, in a direct way, the question of what should be done to manage the risk. Science determines adversity, but the public determines acceptability (Fig. 18). But acceptable risk is a highly subjective and relative term. It is time and space-specific and depends upon definitions of quality of life and robustness of the environment. 

Hazard identification can be performed independent of risk assessment. However, the best result is obtained if they are done together. One outcome is that hazards of low probability and minimal consequences are identified and addressed with the result that the process is gold-plated. This means that potentially unnecessary and expensive safety equipment and procedures are implemented. For instance, flying aircraft and tornadoes are hazards to a chemical plant. What are the chances of their occurrence, and what should be done about them For most facilities the probability of these hazards is small No steps are required for prevention. Likewise, hazards with reasonable probability but minimal consequences are sometimes also neglected. 

Environment Agency (1998) Endocrine-disrupting substances in the environment what should be done Environmental Issues Series, Consultative Report, 1998... 

Negligence Lax, remiss or not prudent. This is a failure to do what should be done or deliberately doing what should be done. Forms the basis of most negative legals actions. 

What should be done if there is a smallpox outbreak ... 

A 15-year-old girl moves into your neighborhood and makes an appointment to see you. She is being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. She tells you that she has been doing well, but recently she has had frequent severe headaches, and her mother said she has stumbled a couple of times during the past week for no apparent reason. She is being treated with cytarabine. If leukemic meningitis is suspected, what should be done next ... 

Supporters claim that CERCLA and the court rulings promote economic efficiency because they internalize externalities they make "polluters" pay. Such reasoning has an economic basis only when companies did not practice due care (i.e., utilize disposal practices whose benefits exceeded costs at the time of disposal). Economic efficiency is about the present and the future, not about the past. What should be done about sunk costs or past behavior is not an economic question except insofar as those policies that pay for sunk costs might affect current and future decisions. 

How would you proceed to evaluate and treat JM What should be done for his coworker ... 

How might an air pump be used in the treatment of a small pond affected by eutrophication What should be done to the pond before the pump is used ... 

What should be done with the mining pits after all the ore has been removed Consider the open-pit copper mine of Figure 18.16. 

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