Wetting and dispersibility

A variety of additives are used to control the properties of wetting and dispersion of pigments, flow, Hthography, and mb-off of inks. These additives belong to classes of materials such as surfactants, bentonite clays, alkyds, functional resins, polymers, etc. 

The successful employment of any insecticide depends on its proper formulation into a preparation that can be appHed for insect control with safety to the apphcator, animals, and plants. Insecticides are commonly formulated as dusts, water dispersions, emulsions, and solutions. The preparation and use of such formulations involves accessory agents such as dust carriers, solvents, emulsifiers, wetting and dispersing agents, stickers, and deodorants or masking agents (1). 

The water phase of oil-base mud can be freshwater, or various solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl ) or sodium chloride (NaCl). The concentration and composition of the water phase in oil-base mud determines its ability to solve the hydratable shale problem. Oil-base muds containing freshwater are very effective in most water-sensitive shales. The external phase of oil-base mud is oil and does not allow the water to contact the formation the shales are thereby prevented from becoming water wet and dispersing into the mud or caving into the hole. 

Increasing the temperature frequently leads to better wetting, while the reverse is true for the mechanical breakdown of agglomerates. Similar observations have been made regarding the effect of wetting and dispersion agents [73]. 

There are also hundreds of additives used as process aids to improve such things as air release, cure rate, thickening, viscosity reduction, mold release, wetting and dispersion of fillers, thixotropy, shrinkage and static reduction. 

CA 69, 98129w(1968) [Conditioning particulate materials for use in org expls, is described. Solid pulverulent materials (such as RDX, PETN or AN) suitable for suspension in melted org expls (such.as TNT) were treated before dispersion, to make them wet and disperse better, with.= 1 liq or solid org Si compd (such as methylchloro-silane of the general formula R1R3R3R4Si,... 

Specific applications include use as a wetting and dispersing agent in textile processing, a paint and varnish stripping agent, in dye baths, stain and printing composition, and in the preparation of... 

In organic systems wetting and dispersion of the pigments is usually quite easy but stabilization of the dispersions normally requires steric stabilization, provided by adsorbed layers of polymer molecules. It appears that in most cases the adsorbed polymer layer has to be greater than about 10 nm for such dispersions to be sufficiently stable [782]. 

The adhesion of various coatings can depend on the properties of surfactants. Pigment wetting and dispersancy in the formulation of a product is initially of importance but the wetting out of the coated surface is also often dependent on the properties of surfactants. Even highway marking tapes that indicate temporary lanes during construction phases are areas where surfactants play a critical role in the effectiveness of the products. 

Alkyl sulphates are used industrially as wetting and dispersing agents, and also in emulsion polymerisation. 

GlucoponR 215 CS UP Capryl glucoside 62-65% Hard surface cleaning Good wetting and dispersing properties... 

For removal of insoluble and/or water-immiscible inorganics by emulsification with detergent solutions For removal of ester and amide-based organics and inorganic salts by chemical hydrolysis with alkaline solutions For removal of metal ions from solutions and surfaces by chelation or complexation reactions For wetting and dispersion of soils with surfactants, suspension of soil residues in order to prevent resedimentation and recontamination on metal surface For removal of surface contaminations, rust scale, mill scale, and other bound moieties (including surface layers of metal itself) by chemical dissolution with acids or alkaline deoxidation with or without the application of an electric current... 

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