Western Hybridization

Diamandis, E.P. (1993) Time-resolved fluorometry in nucleic acid hybridization and Western blotting techniques (Review). Electrophoresis 14, 866-875. 

The effect of environmental concerns on future developments in the paint industry is discussed. Particular attention is paid to volatile organic compound regulations, developments in powder coatings, and radiation-curable coatings. Tabulated information is presented on applications, backbone type and typical mechanical properties of Incorez W830 series PU dispersions and Incorez W2000 series uiethane/aciylic hybrids. 10 refs. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION UK WESTERN EUROPE... 

The CSN is composed of eight subunits called CSNl to CSN8, which are highly conserved in eukaryotes, although only six of them occur in fission yeast. Two hybrid screens and biochemical methods such as far westerns, pull downs and coprecipitation defined a number of CSN subunit-subunit interactions. Figure 13.1 illustrates known subunit-subunit interactions. Initial insight into the architecture of CSN came from the first 2D electron microscopic analysis of purified CSN from human red blood cells [19] (see also Figure 13.2 below). 

The products of gene expression (mRNA and proteins) can be measured by techniques such as the following. Northern blots are very similar to Southern blots except that the original sample contains a mixture of mRNA molecules that are separated by electrophoresis, then hybridized to a radioactive probe. Microarrays are used to determine the differing patterns of gene expression in two different types of cells—for example, normal and cancer cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and western blots (immunoblots) are used to detect specific proteins. 

A number of methods are available for analyzing tumor HER-2 status. The selection of the method depends on the target molecule to be detected. The target molecules are DNA mRNA, and protein (Fig. 12.2). HER-2 gene amplification can be detected by Southern blot (Press et al., 1994), slot blot (Naber et al., 1990), and dot blot assays (Descotes et al 1993), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (Persons et al., 1997), in situ hybridization (ISH) on isolated nuclei or tissue sections (Smith et al., 1994), and polymerase chain reaction (Gramlich et al., 1994). Assays to determine mRNA oveiexpiession include Northern blot (Slamon et al., 1989), Western blot (Press et al., 1994), slot blot (Naber et al., 1990) and ISH (Naber et al., 1990). Methods to assess HER-2/mcm protein product overexpression... 

The DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) design had its roots in Germany. It is less utilized globally but has its place in less critical processes in Germany, Eastern Europe and some Western European countries where they also use hybrids between the DIN and API designs in less critical industries (Figure 5.46). 

In the Western world 40-50% of cHLs are positive for the Epstein-Barr virus based on in situ hybridization and PCR analysis. These cases are LMP-l-positive, but lack expression of EBNA2, indicating a type II latency pattern (All, H15, H16, P9, W3, W4). 

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