Western grebes

In another widely qnoted earlier stndy, Hnnt and Bischoff (1960) reported the decline of Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) popnlations on Clear Lake, California, following the application of rhothane (DDD) over several years. There was evidence of a progressive buildnp of p,p -DDD residnes in sediments over the period, and an analytical study of biota from the lake yielded the results shown in Table 5.6. 

Elbert RA, Anderson DW. 1998. Mercury levels, reproduction, and hematology of western grebes in three California lakes. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 210-213. 

BIRDS Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentaiis, Puget Sound, Washington 1985-86 sediments had 52 mg Cu/kg DW ... 

Henny, C.J., L.J. Blus, and R.A. Grove. 1990. Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis, wintering biology and contaminant accumulation in Commencement Bay, Puget Sound, Washington. Canad. Field-Natural. 104 460-472. 

Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus Eastern USA liver 1991 vs. 1993 Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalism, California 0.98 (0.06-2.2) FW vs. 0.12 FW 91... 

Littrell, E.E. 1991. Mercury in western grebes at Lake Berryessa and Clear Lake, California. Califor. Fish Game 77 142-144. 

Canada Vancouver Island, British Columbia near copper mine 1976 vs. 1981-82 Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis liver 1.1 FW vs. 0.08 FW 43... 

Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalism Puget Sound, 7.6-9.3 (2.2-24.0) DW 109... 

The impacts of contaminants on the structure of the immune system can be assessed by examining white blood cell (WBC) numbers and the mass and cellularity of immune organs, although these indicators are usually not as sensitive as measures of immune function. Avian immunotoxicity studies frequently assess total and (or) differential WBC counts [79], and immunosuppression can be indicated by reduced numbers of WBCs or elevated WBC numbers caused by recurrent infections. An elevated heterophil to lymphocyte ratio can indicate altered immune status in response to corticosteroid stress hormones or other factors [78,7 9], Exposure to lead shot or lead acetate has been shown to alter total and (or) differential WBC numbers in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) and mallards [81-83], In western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) from California, concentrations of mercury in the kidney were positively correlated with heterophil... 

Basin, CA Comorant, b1 ack skimmer, western grebe Galviston 1980-1981 6 Eggs GC/ECD... 

Boellstorff DE, Ohiendorf HM, Anderson DW, et al. 1985. Organochlorine chemical residues in white pelicans and western grebes from the Klamath Basin, California. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14 485-493. 

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