Werner, Louis

We solved the first problem by bombarding large amounts of uranyl nitrate with neutrons at the cyclotrons at the University of California and Washington University plutonium concentrates were derived from these sources through the efforts of teams of chemists who used ether extractions to separate the bulk of the uranium and an oxidation-reduction cycle with rare earth fluoride carrier to concentrate the product. I managed to convince chemists trained in the techniques of ultramicrochemistry to join us to solve the second problem—Burris B. Cunningham and Louis B. Werner of the University of California and Michael Cefola from New York University. 

See section 0006 for the contributions to atomic theory of John Dalton, J. J. Thomson, Max Planck, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, Louis de Broglie, Werner Heisenberg, and Erwin Schrodinger. 

Werner, M. H. Marohn, J. A. Shykind, D. N. Weitekamp, D. P. Two Dimensions of Solid-State Imaging with One RF-Gradient Coil, in 32nd ENC. 1991. St. Louis., Mo., April 7-11 Abstract P240. 

If you recall from the beginning of this chapter, some of the work that led to the development of the modem atomic theory was done by scientists Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Louis de Broglie, Werner Heisenberg, Niels Bohr, and Erwin Shrodinger. The first work centered around light (electromagnetic radiation), while the later work focused on the wave-like nature of matter. The AP test does not probe too deeply into the theoretical considerations of any of these scientists, but some calculations have popped up on previous tests. Therefore, let s turn our attention to some of the equations associated with these scientists work. 

In a lecture in 1848 Louis Pasteur considered for the first time some of the chemical problems involved with stereochemical compounds (41) This was an area of discussion which had deep implications in the Werner theory, yet to come. 

Alfred Werner was also the first person to demonstrate optical activity in an inorganic compoimd (not of biological origin). This demonstration silenced critics of his theory of coordination compoimds, and in his opinion, it was his greatest achievement. Louis Pasteur had demonstrated the phenomenon of optical activity many years earlier in organic compounds of biological origin. 

Using this ultra-microchemical equipment, Burris B. Cunningham and Louis B. Werner worked out the chemistry of plutonium. They also weighed the first visible sample of plutonium, which is shown on page 136. Its weight Just under one ten-millionth of an ounce. 

By the mid-1920s it had become apparent that the Bohr model was not a valid one. A totally new approach was needed. Three physicists were at the forefront of this effort Werner Heisenberg, Louis de Broglie, and Erwin Schrodinger. The approach developed by de Broglie and Schrodinger became known as wave mechanics or, more commonly, quantum mechanics. As we... 

Another specialist in ultramicrochemistry, Paul Kirk, taught at Berkeley. Seaborg hired a recent Ph.D. whom Kirk had trained, Burris Cunningham, and a graduate student, Louis B. Werner. I always thought I was tall, the chemistry laureate comments, but Werner at six feet seven topped him by four inches, a tight fit in the small laboratory. 

Louis B. Werner and Burris Cunningham in Chicago the day they isolated the first pure sample of plutonium, August 20, 1942. 

In 1924, French physicist Louis de Brogfie su ested that electrons, heretofore considered as particles, also exhibited wavelike properties. Based on this assertion, a new theory of matter was born. In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, and Paul Dirac independently proposed a mathematical description of the electron that incorporated its wavelike properties. This new theory, called wave mechanics, or quantum mechanics, radically changed the way we viewed the nature of matter and laid the foundation for our current understanding of electrons and bonds. 

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