Weight of Substrate

The actua amount of substrate that can be compacted into one square foot of growing area and managed depends upon the cooling capabilities of the control system as well as the outside temperature. Experiments using Tracer elements In mushroom beds three feet deep have shown that nutrients from the farthest point are transported to The growing mushrooms. Yields per sq. ft. Increased although at a lower substrate efficiency. 

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Table 1 shows the dry weight of substrate, and amounts of HCl aqueous solution for pretreatment, cellulase and suspension broth for the lactic acid fermentation with ESS. The initially supplied amount of bean curd refuse in dry weight basis was changed from 10 to 150 g to examine the influence of substrate loading. The amount of cellulase was increased against initial substrate loading. And also, the amoimt of 0.1 mol/1 HCl was increased against... 

Log (concn of FBA on weight of substrate) Figure 11.6 Dependence of whiteness on concentration... 

Pretreated samples in our study were washed with water until neutralized to pH 7.0, but this step required a lot of water, about 300 times the weight of substrate used, because the pretreated sample was sticky and swollen. It was theorized that there was still a small amount of surfactant left in the washed fibers, and that residual surfactant may help enzymatic hydrolysis. Figure 4 shows the effect of residual surfactant after pretreatment on digestibility at 72 h. To see this effect, newspaper was pretreated without surfactant, and then a given amount of surfactant was added to... 

It should be noted that the commercial enzyme-preparations developed for the syrups of this type have several attributes (in addition to their catalytic effects) which are of extreme importance to the syrup technology. First, they are of high potency, so that relatively small quantities are needed per unit weight of substrate treated. As a result, it is relatively easy to remove the small amounts of extraneous flavor and color-forming substances that usually accompany commercial en-... 

Sorbed water increases conductivity and weight of substrates Humidity in processing areas reduces static electrical charges Immersed fibers can develop electrical charge (zeta potential)... 

While all the above methods have been used very successfully on standard laboratory scale, they also have significant potential for rapid synthesis on medium scale (up to several kg) and possibly even larger. High-loading resins can bind an equal weight of substrate and so are efficient in terms of volume. ... 

The bath ratio (or liquor ratio) is the mass (weight) of dye solution divided by the mass (weight) of substrate. The amount of pollution produced in coloration of the manufacture of a textile depends strongly on this factor. Boilers are the main source of air pollution from textile wet processing operations. The amount of air pollution depends on the amount of steam required to heat the bath. Low-balh-ratio dyeing machines thus consume less energy and produce less air pollution. 

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