Wavy ribs

Nishimura, M., Iizuka, M., Iwaki, S. andKast, A. (1982). Repairability of drug-induced wavy ribs in rat offspring. Arzneim.-Forsch./Drug Res. 32 1518-1522. 

The previously mentioned feed restriction studies in rats and rabbits (13-16) also evaluated other effects than major malformations. The results in these studies are reviewed in some detail below. In rats, (13) feed restriction-induced reductions in maternal body weight gain (of approximately 50% compared to ab libitum-fed rats) resulted in reductions in fetal body weights. Fetal body weights were reduced to 95, 93, 90, and 76% of the control values at 20 g, 15 g, 10 g, and 7.5 g per day, respectively. There was also an increase in skeletal defects (wavy ribs and a reduced ossification at 7.5 g/day), but no major malformations. 

Even if there is little evidence that maternal toxicity (defined as reductions in maternal body weight) is consistently associated with major malformations, there is clear evidence that substantial reduction in maternal weight is linked with other manifestations of developmental toxicity. These manifestations include decreased fetal weights, and skeletal anomalies (e.g., wavy ribs) in rats and decreased fetal weights, post implantation loss, abortions, and skeletal defects in rabbits (e.g., unossified sternebrae, metatarsals, metacarpals, or caudal vertebrae). 

Rat (Wistar) 8 d 1 x/d Gd 7-14 (GW) 2 4 (decreased fetal weight increased malformations [total] hydrocephaly wavy ribs) Fuyuta et al. 1978 MMC... 

Nakatsuka T, Fukikake M, Katoh M, et al. 1992. Amelioration of furosemide-induced fetal wavy ribs by co-administration of ammonium chloride in rats. Teratology 46(6) 19B. 

Nakatusa T, Fujikake N, Hasebe M, et al. 1993. Effects of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride on the incidence of furosemide-induced fetal skeletal anomaly, wavy rib, in rats. Teratology 48(2) 139-147. 

Description Herbaceous biennial. Stems 60-200 cm with red-brownish spots on lower portion. Basal leaves triangular in outline, petiolate, 30-60 cm long, tripinnatisect primary and secondary segments petiolulate, tertiary segments sessile, oblong-ovate, pinnatifld. Inflorescence a compound umbel with 10-20 rays bracts 4, lanceolate, acute bracteoles 3-7, connate at the base. Petals 5, obcordate, white. Fruit a 2-seeded schizocarp, 3-3.5 mm long, nearly orbicular to ovate, with wavy ribs. 

An interesting manifestation of surface flows in dip coating is a rib instability often observed near the reservoir in binary solvent systems and in some pure solvents (ethanol). Figure 50.10 shows a set of wavy interference fringes, indicative of a 20-nm thickness undulation that has a wave vector that runs perpendicular to the withdrawal direction. Typically, this undulation is a standing wave, but under some conditions (not well defined at... 

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