Wavelength-dependent normalization

Whittaker, D., R. Steen et al. (1993). Light scatter in the normal young, elderly, and cataractous eye demonstrates little wavelength dependency. Optom. Vis. Sci. 70 963-968. 

Poly(phenylmethylsilane) (PMPS) was investigated by Kepler et al. (1983, 1984, 1987). Figure 32 shows the wavelength dependence of the absorption and the normalized photocurrent. The spectral dependence of the photocurrent indicates that carrier generation occurs by an extrinsic process which results primarily from an interaction of charge-transfer excitons with the surface. The argument is similar to that proposed earlier by Kepler (1976) to describe hole... 

The penetration depth should he discussed separately from the effective thickness de. The latter is the thickness needed in normal transmission measurements to achieve the same absorbance as measured with one internal reflection. The effective thickness can be calculated theoretically (Harrick, 1979). The results show for randomly polarized radiation and for sample thicknesses greater than dp that the effective thickness is proportional to the penetration depth. The wavelength dependence of the refractive indices can usually be neglected. So we arrive at ... 

Normally, the chiral pollutants in the environment occur at low concentrations and therefore a sensitive detection method is essential and is required in chiral CE. The most commonly used detectors in the chiral CE are UV, electrochemical, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. Mostly, the detection of the chiral resolution of drugs and pharmaceutical in CE has been achieved by a UV mode and therefore the detection of the chiral pollutants may be achieved by the same method. The selection of the UV wavelength depends on the type of buffer, chiral selector, and the nature of the environmental pollutants. The concentration and sensitivity of UV detection are restricted insofar as the capillary diameter limits the optical path length. It has been observed that some pollutants, especially organochloro pesticides, are... 

The peak emission wavelength depends on the emission angle with respect to the surface normal (polar angle). Denoting the polar emission angle in air as 0, the emission wavelength is given by... 

Although the particles normally trapped with optical tweezers are highly transparent, there is usuaUy some absorption occurring. Studies have been made of the wavelength dependence of the heating of specimens and the ability of live specimens to remain viable after having been trapped [14,15,16]. 

The measured intensity of a single Laue spot or of an energy deconvoluted spot needs correction or normalization for a variety of wavelength dependent factors if... 

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