Water treatment systems, dioxin

The offgas treatment system includes a cyclone for removal of large particulates and a flameless thermal oxidizer that converts carbon monoxide and hydrogen to carbon dioxide and water. This is followed by a fast quench system to minimize dioxin and furan formation, acidic and basic (caustic) scrubbers, and an adsorber/ particulate filter system that uses Sorbalite, a mixture of calcium oxides and carbonates with activated carbon. 

Similarly, chitosan mixed with different nanofillers such as clay nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles are used for dye removal purpose [171]. In recent carbon nanotube (CNT) appeared as a promising nanofiller for the preparation of chitosan-CNT nanocomposites because of its excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties [171]. Several papers reflect CNT as a superb adsorbent for different material like dioxin removal and dye removal because of its hollow and layered nanosized structures that have a large specific surface area [171, 172]. A number of conventional methods like precipitation, membrane filtration, ion exchange treatment are used to remove metal ions from the water system, but hydrogel based adsorbents have attracted distinctive attention because of they are highly potential for efficient removal of heavy metals [173, 174] (Fig. 12). 

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