Water thermophysical properties

V. A. Kirillin, Editor, "Heavy Water Thermophysical Properties," National Technical Information... 

Kirillin, V.A., Ed., Heavy Water Thermophysical Properties, Gosudarstvennoe Energeticheskoe Izdatel stvo, Moscow, 1963. 

Specific Heat and Other Thermophysical Properties of Water Substance. 2-313... 

This set of equations allows the calculation of the thermophysical properties of the studied substance, the PCM, from the known properties of the reference substance, distilled water ... 

In water atomization, a number of operation variables are to be considered in order to properly control the process. The variables include geometry parameters, process parameters, and thermophysical properties of metal/alloy and water. Each design and configuration of an atomization unit are unique and thus only some specific operation conditions may be employed. Many of the variables are interrelated. Therefore, there may exist more than one set of optimum variable combinations for a given atomization unit. 

The presence of hydrogen bonding in water is shown by its anomalous thermophysical properties and has been confirmed by more recent methods of investigating its structure such as NMR, neutron scattering, dielectric relaxation, ultrasonic absorption,... 

Reza, J., Trejo, A., and Vera-Avila, L.E. Water solubility and solution enthalpy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in Fourteenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, (Boulder, CO National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2000). 

Choua, Ch-H. et al., 1-Octanol/water partition coefficient of ionic liquids, 15th Symposium of Thermophysical Properties, Boulder, CO, USA, June, 22-27, 2003. 

Thermophysical properties of saturated water (Lide, 1991 IAPWS, 1994 Incropera and DeWitt,... 

Due to their peculiar solvent properties, supercritical fluids offer a range of unusual chemical possibilities such as in environmentally benign separation and destruction of hazardous waste, as well as for new materials synthesisd" These intriguing reaction media make it possible to sensitively control reaction rate and selectivity with changes in temperature and pressure. The thermophysical properties of water as well as more than 70 other fluid systems have been formulated and/or compiled by lAPWS and NIST. ... 

Samalam [43] modeled the convective heat transfer in water flowing through microchannels etched in the back of silicon wafers. The problem was reduced to a quasi-two dimensional non-linear differential equation under certain reasonably simplified and physically justifiable conditions, and was solved exactly. The optimum channel dimensions (width and spacing) were obtained analytically for a low thermal resistance. The calculations show that optimizing the channel dimensions for low aspect ratio channels is much more important than for large aspect ratios. However, a crucial approximation that the fluid thermophysical properties are independent of temperature was made, which could be a source of considerable error, especially in microchannels with heat transfer. 

A. A. Aleksandrov and M. S. Trakhtenberg, The Thermophysical Properties of Water at Atmospheric Pressure, Izdatel stvo Standartov, Moscow, 1980 (in Russian). 

From E. W. Lemmon, M. O. McLinden, and D. G. Friend, Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems in NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, Eds. P. J. Linstrom and W. G. Mallard, June 2005, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Md. (http //web-book.nist.gov) and Wagner, W, and A., Pruss, The lAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, /. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 31(2) 387-535, 2002. 

While standardizing the values for the thermophysical properties of water and steam, also known as water substance, the International Association for the Properties of Steam (lAPS) has established formulations for various properties. 

Chemical reactions normally require a solvent that can dissolve all the raw materials. Reaction kinetics and selectivity may be affected by the choice of solvent. Thermophysical properties of solvents are also very important for endothermic and exothermic reactions. Water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, chlorinated solvents, and amines are the most widely used solvents in the chemical process industry. In many applications, the solvent is consumed as a raw material. One example is the manufacture of esters, where alcohol takes part in the reaction. 

The paper presents the results of experimental investigations of nucleation, thermophysical properties and processes in superheated and supercooled water. This work was initiated and performed for a number of years under the guidance of the academician V. P. Skripov at first at the Department of Molecular Physics of the Ural Polytechnical Institute, and then at the Institute of Thermal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 

Experimental investigationsofthermophysicalpropertiesofsuperheatedwater do not reveal any peculiarities in their behavior. However, it should be borne in mind that by now measurements of properties of metastable water have been made in a very narrow range of state variables. In quasi-static experiments a deep entry into the metastable region of water was hindered by a great number of easily activated boiling sites. D5mamic experiments cannot as yet ensure an acceptable accuracy of measurement of thermophysical properties of metastable liquids. 

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