Water-soluble tris

Ellis, J.W., Harrison, K.N., Hoye, P.A.T., Orpen, A.G., Pringle, P.G., and Smith, M.B., Water-soluble tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine complexes with nickel, palladium, and platinum. Crystal structure of Pd P(CH2OH)3 4].cntdot.CH3, Inorg. Chem., 31, 3026, 1992. 

Apromising new class of stable Gd3+ complexes based onTREN-Me- 3,2 -HOPO shows relatively fast water exchange rates. The water soluble tris(2-hydroxymethyl)-TREN-Me-3,2-HOPO complex is eight-coordinate with two water molecules in the first coordination sphere (234). The water exchange rate is more than one order of magnitude faster than on DTPA and DOTA complexes and the mechanism is proposed to be a-activated. 

Carnitine, L-3-hydroxy-4-(trimethylammonium)butyrate, is a water-soluble, tri-methylammonium derivative of y-amino-jS-hydroxybutyric acid, which is formed from trimethyllysine via y-butyrobetaine [40]. About 75% of carnitine is obtained from dietary intake of meat, fish, and dairy products containing proteins with trimethyllysine residues. Under normal conditions, endogenous synthesis from lysine and methionine plays a minor role, but can be stimulated by a diet low in carnitine. Carnitine is not further metabolized and is excreted in urine and bile as free carnitine or as conjugated carnitine esters [1, 41, 42]. Adequate intracellular levels of carnitine are therefore maintained by mechanisms that modulate dietary intake, endogenous synthesis, reabsorption, and cellular uptake. 

The water-soluble tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) was synthesized and used to cleave rapidly organic disulfides to sulfhydryls in water (Burns et al., 1991). The... 

Synthesis, reactivity, X-ray crystal structures and electrochemical behavior of water-soluble [tris(pyrazolyl)-borato]ruthenium(II) complexes of l,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaada-mantane (PTA)... 

The Ruhrchemie/Rhone-Poulenc Oxo process (Figure 4.1, Scheme 4.1) was developed for the synthesis of butyraldehyde from propylene and synthesis gas, where the water-soluble tris(m-sulfonated-phenyl)phosphine (TPPTS)-modified rhodium catalyst operates in the aqueous phase [14]. 

Alkylated starch can be fragmented by acetolysis into water soluble tri- and tetra-saccharides.742 Formic acid, together with a small amount of acetyl chloride, may be used instead.743 Alkyl a-D-glucosides can be prepared by treating starch with hydrogen chloride a solution of hydrochloride in a simple alcohol.744... 

In order to maximize the exposure and thus the viral spectrum of 12 in the clinic, the highly water soluble Tris salt (aqueous solubility >10 mg/mL) of prodrug 13 was selected for advancement. To reduce the relatively high peak to trough ratio observed after oral dosing with this class of molecules, a slow release formulation was developed and was shown to facilitate absorption from the entire GI tract [69],... 

This reaction has been extended to form 3-methylindole in higher yields and under milder conditions without using a phosphine ligand.In addition, the cyclization of o-halo-A-allylanilines has been performed in a homogeneous water/CHsCN medium in the presence of a water soluble tris(3-sulfonatophenyl)phosphine sodium salt (TPPTS) ligand, and in supercritical CO2 in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 and a fluorinated phosphine ligand, e.g., phenyl bis(2-perfluorohexyl)-ethylphosphine. ... 

Several interesting variations on the reaction have recently been introduced. While the reaction with water is often carried out using a sulfonated, and hence water-soluble, tri-arylphosphine, the use of a palladium(O) complex of l,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (77, Scheme 25) was recently reported. Monflier and co-workers reported that in addition to running the reaction under a CO2 atmosphere, the reaction of butadiene with water is facilitated by the use of cationic or neutral (nonionic) surfactants. The role of cationic surfactants such as dodecylammonium hydroxide is conceived to be threefold ... 

Another prominent catalytic system uses the water-soluble tris(guadinophenyl)-phosphine 22 to carry out reactions between two anionic species (Scheme 9.9)... 

Scheme 9.9 Water-soluble tris(guadinophenyl)phosphine 22 and triphenylphosphinetrisulfonate trisodium salt (26) used to cross-couple anionic p-iodobenzoate 23 with propiolate 24 to give phenylacetylene 25 in aqueous media [67dj.

However, m-bromobenzoic acid can be converted into benzoic acid in 90% yield by using water soluble tris[3-(2-methoxyethoxy)propyl] stannane in presence of 4,4 -azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA) or sunlamp as initiator in aqueous NaHC03- Above debromination can also be effected by using [bis(potassiumpropanoate)n (hydroxystannate), which in presence of NaBH and ACVA affords reductions and free radical cyclisation of aryl and alkenyl bromides (Scheme 110). 

Finally a variety of 1-alkenes were hydroformylated with a highly water-soluble tris-sulphonated ligand, P(m-PhS03Na). Some more effective catalysts involving the use of other sulphonated phosphine ligands have also been developed. ... 

Moreau, J., Droz, D., Sabto, J. et al. (1975) Osmotic nephrosis induced by water-soluble tri-iodinated contrast media in man. A retrospective study of 47 cases. Radiology, 115, 329. 

Figure 5.9 From left to right structure of water soluble tris-dipicolinate complexes (Ln = Tb or Eu), three photon excited (lex = S00nm) luminescence, variation of the luminescence intensity with the incident laser power for a two (right, top) or three (right, bottom) photon excitation (Zex = 532 or 800 nm respectively) In linear or log scale, respectively (between parenthesis is indicated the experimental determination of the multi-photon absorption)...

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