Water-sodium oxide molar ratio

The reaction time necessary for crystallization at a given reaction temperature can be controlled in a variety of ways, but the major way of controlling reaction time is by adjusting the water to sodium oxide molar ratio of the reaction mixture. The reaction time necessary to form these zeolites is directly proportional to the water to sodium oxide molar ratio used. For example, when the synthesis conditions indicate that the water to sodium oxide molar ratio for making zeolite A is between 15.1 and 20.1 for making a combination of zeolite X and zeolite A it should be between 25 1 and 35 1. Therefore, to synthesize zeolite A in a reaction mixture having a sodium oxide to silica molar ratio and a silica to alumina molar ratio where normally zeolite X would be formed, one would decrease the water to sodium oxide ratio. 

This relationship between the water to sodium oxide molar ratio and the type of zeolite formed was not previously known. For example, U.S. patents issued to Milton (JL, 7), show a water to sodium oxide molar ratio of from 35 to 200 for the production of zeolite A and a water to sodium oxide molar ratio of from 35 to 60 for the production of zeolite X. If anything, this would imply that the reaction mixture for preparing zeolite A should have a higher water to sodium oxide molar ratio than the reaction mixture for preparing zeolite X. In U.S. patent 3,119,659, the water to sodium oxide molar ratio for the production of zeolite A is from 30 to 60. None of the above examples show that the water to sodium oxide molar ratio should be higher for making zeolite X than for making zeolite A. 

Another way of controlling the reaction time necessary for crystallization at a given temperature is by adjusting the sodium oxide to silica molar ratio of the reaction mixture. The reaction time necessary to form these zeolites is inversely proportional to the sodium oxide to silica molar ratio used. The effect of sodium oxide to silica molar ratio is less pronounced than that of water to sodium oxide molar ratio. 

The zeolites were synthesized using almninoaerosils with molar ratios SA equal to 131, 100, 26, and 19.5 for preparation of samples 1-4 (Table 2.14), respectively. The template was tetrapropylammoniiun bromide. In order to prepare a reaction mixture, sodium hydroxide and template were dissolved in distilled water, and then a suitable amount of aluminosilica was added to this solution under conditions of mixing. In terms of oxides, the component ratios in the reaction mixture were as follows Na2/SiO2=0.05, [(C3H7)4N]20/Si02=0.04, H20/Na20=300. 

In contrast to household detergents, indnstrial detergents contain much greater amounts of silicate. When dissolved in water, they give solutions of mnch higher pH than domestic formulations [1]. This is the domain of anhydrons sodium metasilicate. It is described by the chemical formula NajSiOj, which corresponds to a one-to-one molar ratio of silicon oxide and sodium oxide (Na20 Si02 = 1 1). It has a crystalline strnctnre and forms monoclinic, colorless crystals or a white powder... 

Zinc compounds in high temperature water formed zinc phosphate in sodium phosphate solutions of Na/P04 molar ratio <2.0 and zinc oxide in sodium phosphate solutions of molar ratio 2.5 and 3.0. 

Cyclododecyl phenyl tellurium treated with 30% hydrogen peroxide in tetrahydrofuran or with sodium periodate in water/tetrahydrofuran at 25° produced cis- and trans-cyclododecene as the main product and dodecanol and dodecanone as the by products1. The ratio of cis/ trans-cyc ododecene was determined by the amount of oxidant used. With one molar equivalent of sodium periodate, only tran.v-cyclododecene was formed1. 

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