Water reducers composition

It functions as a water-reducing plasticizer, producing a flooring composition with good workability at low water/cement ratios. 

Apart from biocatalyst activity, several other parameters are important in development of a biodesulfurization process. These parameters include oil/water ratio, composition of aqueous phase used for biocatalyst suspension during desulfurization, biocatalyst loading, oil/water separation following completion of desulfurization, potential for biocatalyst recycle, recycle of aqueous phase to reduce fresh water usage and wastewater minimization, as well as secondary oil separation and purification operations. 

Fig. 56. Dependence of Mwof the microgels on the polymer yield in the anionic polymerization of EDMA in toluene by n-BuLi [254] (see Figure 53 caption for the reaction conditions). Reduced viscosity vs concentration of microgels a) Composition (mol %) N,N -methyl-enebisacrylamide (55%), methacrylamide (33%), methacrylic acid (2%), methacrylamido acetaldehyd-dimethylacetal (10%),measured at 20 °C in water, b) Composition (mol %) 1,4-DVB (35%), propenic acid amide-2-methyl-N-(4-methyl-2-butyl-l,3-dioxolane prepared by emulsion copolymerization and measured in dimethylformamide.

Because of the essential role that air-entrained concrete has played in reducing freeze-thaw susceptibility, its use in North America has been predominantly associated with this property. Consequently, other favorable modifications have often been ignored. In Europe, Australia and Africa where freeze-thaw action seldom or rarely affects the concrete, the secondary modifications produced by air-entraining admixtures have been realized to their full potential, when used as a composite water-reducing and air-entraining admixture. The increased use of this type of admixture is due to the following reasons ... 

In North America almost all air-entrained concrete contains a water-reducing admixture. There is some reluctance to use a composite type of admixture because of the concern that it reduces flexibility in use due to the variation in concrete materials and job site conditions. Therefore, the use of... 

In general, water reducers are effective with Portland, composite and... 

By heating the monosodium salt of P-acid, XaHPH03 2.oH20, under reduced pressure at a temperature of about 150°C. until the 2.5 moles of hydrate water and 0..1 mole of water of composition are lost, the di-... 

Depending on their effectiveness, they are divided in water reducers (or plasticizers) and superplasticizers. The effect depends on the chemical composition and the dosage [7,8]. 

The universal solvent for cellulose acetate is acetone. Spinning dopes are prepared by dissolving the flake in an acetone-water solvent composition of about 95/5. The small amount of water significantly reduces the viscosity of a concentrated solution of cellulose acetate such as for a 25% solution. Other solvents for cellulose acetate are ethyl methyl ketone, dioxane, pyridine, nitroethane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, formic acid, and acetic acid. Although methylene chloride alone is not a good solvent for cellulose acetate, 9/1 methylene chloride-methanol is a good solvent. 

Figure 10.8 gives responses for three feed composition disturbances. The solid lines show what happens when the DME in the feed is increased from 5 to 7 mol% DME (with MeOH reduced by a corresponding amount). The dashed lines show what happens when the DME in the feed is decreased from 5 to 3mol% DME. The dotted lines are for an increase in the MeOH concentration in the feed from 50 to 55 mol% (with water reduced by a corresponding amount). Product purities are well maintained. 

Recent patents describe the use of solvents to improve the properties of agricultural chemicals. In one invention, a carrier was developed from an agglomerated composition of plant fibers and mineral filler. The purpose of the carrier is to absorb and hold a large quantity of pesticide until it is delivered to the application site. The pesticide must be in a form of low melting liquid. In order to reduce its melting point, solvents selected from aromatic hydrocarbons are used to dissolve pesticide. In a water dispersible composition of insecticide, solvent is used to convert insecticide to a liquid form at room temperature. Solvents proposed for this application are from a group of aUcyl aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl esters of alkanoic acids, and ester mixtures derived from plant oils. 

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