Wastewater minimization

The processes used in manufacturing steel products use a significant amount of water, and wastewater minimization is necessary both in terms of water use and pollutant discharge loadings. These technologies achieve these reductions by retarding pollutant buildup and improving water... 

Wang YP and Smith R (1995) Wastewater Minimization with Flowrate Constraints, Trans IChemE, ATS 889. 

Schilling, G., Pantehdes, C.C., 1996. A simple continuous-time process scheduling formulation and a novel solution algorithm. Comput. Chem. Eng., 20(Suppl.) S1221-1226 Umeda, T., Harada, T., Shiroko, K., 1979. A thermodynamic approach to the synthesis of heat integration systems in chemical processes. Comput. Chem. Eng., 3 273-282 Wang, Y.P., Smith, R., 1994. Wastewater minimization. Chem. Eng. Sci., 49(7) 981-1002... 

Majozi, T., 2005. Wastewater minimization using central reusable water storage in batch processes. Comput. Chem. Eng., 29(7) 1631-1646. 

In the presence of wastewater minimization, the sequence constraints initially presented in Chapter 2 are modified as follows. The following constraints stipulates that the task corresponding to state s n. can only commence once all the previous tasks and their corresponding washing operations are complete. 

Gouws, J.F., Majozi, T., Gadalla, M., 2008. Flexible mass transfer model for water minimization in batch plants. Chem. Eng. Process., 47 2323-2335 Gouws, J.F., Majozi, T., 2009. Usage of inherent storage for minimisation of wastewater in multipurpose batch plants. Chem. Eng. Sci., 64 3545-3554 Majozi, T., 2005. Wastewater minimization using central reusable storage in batch plants. Comput. Chem. Eng., 29 1631-1646... 

Apart from biocatalyst activity, several other parameters are important in development of a biodesulfurization process. These parameters include oil/water ratio, composition of aqueous phase used for biocatalyst suspension during desulfurization, biocatalyst loading, oil/water separation following completion of desulfurization, potential for biocatalyst recycle, recycle of aqueous phase to reduce fresh water usage and wastewater minimization, as well as secondary oil separation and purification operations. 

A.A. Alva-Argaez, C. Kokossis and R. Smith, 1998, Wastewater minimization of industrial system using an integrated approaeh. Computers and Chemical Engineering, 22, S741-S744. 

Following the chlorine chemical contact for disinfection, described in the previous section, residual chlorine must be removed using a dechlorination agent such as sulfur dioxide (Fig. 8). This quenching of the chlorine (or chloramine) by a strong reductant provides a potential for the chemical reduction of transformation products in the wastewater. Minimal research has addressed these reductive reactions for transformation products of synthetic organic chemicals. 

Mann, J.G., Liu, Y.A. Industrial Water Reuse and Wastewater Minimization. Mcgraw-Hill, New York (1999)... 

Wang, Y.P. and Smith, R. (1994) Wastewater minimization. Chemical Engineering Science, 49, 981-1006. 

Baughman) in 1991 and 1995, respectively, published by Academic Press, San Diego, California, on industrial water reuse and wastewater minimization (with James G. Mann) in 1999, published by McGraw-HiU, New York, and on step-growth polymerization process modeling and product design (with Kevin Seavey) in 2008, published by John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

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