Water nanofiber composite

ElectrochemicaUy active materials such as activated carbons, carbon aerogels, and carbon foams (aU derived from polymers) oxides, hydrous oxides, carbides, and nitrides are used to form composites with carbon nanofibers. Additional active materials such as oxides, hydrous oxides, and carbides can be combined to form a composite. Process requires dispersion in water with carbon nanofiber and subsequent filtralion and washing. Capacitance of 249 F /g was measured from a RuOj xHjO metal oxide and carbon nanofiber composite. 

Song XX, Liu ZY, Sun D (2011) Nano gives the answer breaking the bottleneck of internal concentration polarization with a nanofiber composite forward osmosis membrane for a high water production rate. Adv Mater 23 3256-3260... 

Electrospun carbon precursor fibers, based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN] and mesophase pitch, having diameters in the range from 100 nm to a few microns, were stabilized and carbonized. These carbon nanofibers had a very high aspect ratio. Nanopores were produced in CNFs made from PAN by a high-temperature reaction with water vapor carried in nitrogen gas by increasing the surface area per unit mass of carbon black. For conductive CNT/polymer composite fibers, CNTs were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in iV,iV-dimethylformamide [DMF] solutions and electrospun to form CNT/PVDF fiber mats.The thinnest fiber was obtained as 7 0 nm in diameter. 

The vapor transport properties of nanofiber encapsulated composite membranes are listed in Table 4. Nucrel membrane, which is a random copolymer of polyethylene and 10 % polymethacrylic acid, has a low water vapor transmission rate and poor selectivity. Higher selectivity and high water... 

Polyaniline nanofibers are synthesized through a simple, non-templated method, based on a modification of the classic chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline that makes nanofibers of uniform diameters. These materials respond significantly better than conventional films. To make the polyaniline even better for sensor materials, the nanofibers are dispensed into water and are combined with metals salts into a composite material. These... 

Wu S, Li F, Wu Y, Xu R, Li G (2010) Preparation of novel poly(vinyl alcohol)/Si02 composite nanofiber membranes with mesostructure and their application for removal of Cu from waste water. Chem Commun 46 1694—1696... 

Thomas, K. 1998. Gelatin. Handbook of biodegradable polymers. Boca Raton CRC Press. Veronica, V., and T. Adrian. 2010. Water. Water and life, 235-247. Boca Raton CRC Press. Wu, H., Y. Chen, Q. Chen, Y. Ding, X. Zhou, and H. Gao. 2013. Synthesis of flexible aerogel composites reinforced with electrospun nanofibers and microparticles for thermal insulation. Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 8. 

Inasmuch as we focus on the composite applications of nanofibers, only the most important fields are introduced here, and even those only briefly. The first one is filtration, which is currently the primary utilization of electrospun nanofibers. Nanofibrous mats axe available in the market and can be applied in industrial filters, and in air and water cleaning systems. It is also an example for functionalized nanofibers because these nanomaterials contain activated carbon particles and therefore can fQter out different chemicals in addition to submicron particles [44]. 

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