Water cover, acid mine drainage

Assumptions about the basic method of disposal of the coal-cleaning waste must be made. For this paper, we assumed that the valley-fill method would be used. In this method, a narrow downward-sloping valley near the cleaning plant is filled, in benches, from the upper end. As the upper benches reach contour level, the pile is covered with sufficient soil to retard water percolation to one-third that of an uncovered pile. The drainage from such a waste pile has the characteristics of acid mine drainage, with most of the dissolved solids being iron sulfates. 

This sensor approach has also been employed in the analysis of several relevant and contrasting water samples such as river water, acid mine drainage, and treated urban water, thus covering a wide spectnun of matrices and absolute and relative heavy metal concentrations. Residts were shown to be in good agreement with those obtained with the standard inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy technique [36]. Moreover, this sol-gel nanocomposite has been successfully employed for the construction of screen-printed electrochemical sensors. 

Dave, N. K. and A. J. Vivyurka. 1994. Water cover on acid generating uranium tailings—laboratory and field studies. In Proceedings of International Land Reclamation and Mine Drainage Conference and Third International Conference on the Abatement of Acidic Drainage. Pittsburgh, PA, April 24-29, 1994, pp. 1,297. 

---