Water content of the melt

It should be noted that for several salts different entries are shown, derived from data of different authors as noted. The discrepancies are <2 %, except in the case of A1(N03)3 9H20, where it is larger, probably due to differences in the water contents of the melts. 

One of the more critical feed properties in the case of ammonium nitrate prilling is the moisture content of the melt. Evaporation of the melt to nearly 100% solids produces hard, non-porous prills. Larger water contents yield porous, less dense prills. 

Water Determine as directed for Method la in the Karl Fischer Titrimetric Method under Water Determination, Appendix IIB, using a 100-g sample melted on a hot plate at 60°. Use a syringe to apply the oil to the Karl Fisher titrimetric apparatus (usually 1.0 mL is sufficient, but this may vary depending on the water content of the sample). 

Dobson et al. (1995) measured water contents in melt inclusions in pyroxenes in boninites from the Bonin Islands. These melt inclusions contained 2.8-3.2 wt.% H2O, whereas quenched glass from pillow lava rims had 2.2-2.4wt.% H2O, which Dobson et al. interpreted as a result of degassing between the time of entrapment of the melt inclusions and the eruption on the seafloor. They also measured the water content of the orthopyroxene, which contained 80-120 ppm H2O. 

It should be noted, that water contents in the melt leads to the formation of C>2, CO2 (carbon anodes ) and OF2 in the anode compartment. In this connection the electrolyte can be purified with... 

The water budget of the modern Earth The water budget of the modern Earth might be loosely divided into the outer Earth reservoirs and the mantle. In the outer Earth reservoirs there is about 1.4 X 1021 kg of water currently stored at the Earth s surface as the oceans, ice, freshwater, and groundwater. This makes up 0.0002 of the Earth s mass and is equivalent to 1.515 X 1023 g of hydrogen (Lecuyer et al., 1998). Assessing the water content of the mantle is more difficult and depends mostly upon experimental studies of the solubility of water in mantle minerals and melts. These concentrations are low, for... 

As in our earlier calorimetric experiments on p-222I powders, we assumed a normal heat of fusion for water in calculating the amount of water melting near 0°C. The difference between this amount and the total water content of the membrane is given as bound water in column 3 of Table IV. 

If nylon 66 is equilibrated at 280 °C under steam at atmospheric pressure, t e water content of the polymer melt is abwt CL16% or 89 mol per 10° g of polymer, and a value of 3000 (eq/10° g) is found for the product of the concentrations of uncondensed amine and carboxyl groups. These results yield a value of 260 for the... 

To reduce the melting point of a tallow-rapeseed oil mixture, the triglyceride composition of the mixture was altered by enzymatic interesterification in a solvent-free system. The interesterification and hydrolysis were followed by melting point profiles and by free fatty acid determinations. The degree of hydrolysis was linearly related to the initial water content of the reaction mixture. The rate of the interesterification reaction was influenced by the amount of enzyme but not much by temperature, between 50°C and 70°C. The melting point reduction achieved by interesterification depended on the mass fractions of the substrates the lower the mass fraction of tallow, the larger the reduction of the melting point. ... 

In fluid bed granulation the feed melt concentration is 97%, but the product leaving the granulator has only 0.25% moisture. The water content of the solidifying melt must be significantly bwer than the possible water of hydration of the added magnesium nitrate (Mg (N03)2 6-7 H2O). The additive thus serves as an internal desiccant agent and shifts the 32 C crystal transition point to about 45 C. 

The BASF granulation process for CAN can use either AN-wet lime - lime from the lime filter, which is washed with AN solution, or dry lime, which is water-washed lime. For either alternative the readual water content of the AN-melt must be adjusted. 

It is reported that the maximum current efficiency (CE) for chlorides electrolysis is 70 %, usually in the range of 30-50 % in the industry depending on the operational conditions such as the water content of the raw materials, current density, temperature, and impurities. Especially, the water in the raw materials greatly reduces the current efficiency [2]. Under the same operation conditions, the CE value is mainly related to RE " stability in the melts. The existence of RE " in the melts will make the electrode reaction Eq. 7 occur prior to RE " reduction to metal RE, and the reduction product RE will react with... 

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