Water-based halogenating agents

These materials also react with water-based foams and halogenated agents... 

Fire combustible, in powder form extremely flammable. keep away from open flame and sparks, no smoking avoid contact with water, acids, halogens and various other substances. special powder mdinguisher. dry sand. NO other extinguishing agents. DO NOT USE WATER-BASED EXTMQUISHERS. 

Ley et al. reported a catalytic method for the conversion of thiocarbonyl compounds to their oxo analogues with diaryltellurium oxide. The teUuride is recycled with a halogenating agent like 1,2-dibromotetrachloroethane, water and base (Scheme 7.91) [362, 363]. 

They are attacked to a greater or lesser degree by concentrated bases and certain dilute bases, chlorine water and strong oxidizing agents, concentrated acids, dilute sulfuric and nitric acids, halogens, certain chlorinated solvents, and amines. 

With respect to the synthesis from amines, C02 and alkyl halides, the synthesis of carbamates from amines, C02 and alcohols (Equation 6.10) is not only a phosgene-free, but also a halogen-free process. Moreover, water forms as the only reaction coproduct. Whilst these features make the route very attractive from the point of view of environmental sustainability, unfortunately the reaction suffers from both thermodynamic and kinetics limitations. Kinetic impediments make necessary the use of a suitable catalyst which, moreover, must be water-tolerant in order to avoid deactivation by cogenerated H20. Several strategies have been explored to overcome these restraints, based mainly on the use of alcohols in a dehydrated form (for instance, as ortho esters or ortho carbonates) [63], or on the use of dehydrating agents [64, 65]. 

Various chemical processes of limonene, which lead to the obtainment of useful chemicals and some analytical methods, are based on these reactions. Many flavor chemicals are synthesized from limonene by reaction with water, sulfur and halogens, or hydrolysis, hydrogenation, boration, oxidation and epoxide formation (Thomas and Bessiere, 1989). Hydroperoxides have also been studied and isolated because of their effect on off-flavor development in products containing citrus oil flavoring agents (Clark et al., 1981 Schieberle et al., 1987). Hydration of d-limonene produces alpha-terpineol, a compound that gives off an undesirable aroma in citrus-flavored products. It is also possible to produce alpha-terpineol and other useful value-added compounds... 

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