Wastewater generation problems

In a situation where scheduling is not given beforehand, time is treated as an optimisation variable to provide a truly optimal schedule for freshwater demand and wastewater generation. The problem, in this particular case, can be stated as follows. Given the aforementioned (i)-(v ) conditions for each water using operation as well as ... 

Over the last decade, much interest has been generated in monitoring environmental problems and associated risks of wastes, in particular, wastewaters generated by the pulp and paper industries. A major goal is to reassess the target pollutant levels and consider the use of risk-based discharge permit values rather than the absolute endpoint values. This risk-based approach requires analytical tools that can quantify the ecotoxic characteristics of discharges rather than the absolute concentration of specihc pollutants or the values of lumped pollution parameters such as BOD, COD, and so on. 

Because of the large volume of wastewater generated in hydraulic debarking and the problems associated with recycling it, waste treatment and disposal techniques used by the pulp and paper industry are applicable. This involves the employment of heavy-duty clarifiers to remove suspended solids, followed by biological treatment to remove oxygen-demanding substances. 

This is suitable for treatment of water containing considerable amounts of dissolved solids. The fraction of water rejected can be on the higher side (depends on the treated water quality desired) and one should check if there is any problem at site for disposal of the wastewater generated due to backwashing of sand filter, active... 

As discussed earlier, foam flotation techniques were used in the removal of metals from wastewaters generated in nuclear power plants. One problem which occurred was the coating of the column walls by the removed floe. This could be quite a major problem on a large scale. The problem, however, could be reduced or eliminated by proper coating of the colunui walls. 

It is important to note that there is no effluent produced during the time horizon, other than at the end of the last batch of each product. The wastewater that is generated after a mixer is cleaned after the last batch of a product has to be discarded. The wastewater cannot be stored since it is not known when the wastewater will be used. In general this is the case with any such problem, since the reuse of water can only occur if a subsequent batch of a compatible product has to be produced. 

The growing amount of sludge, generated every year by wastewater treatment plants is one of the crucial environmental problems. From one side, improved methods of wastewater treatment result in the growing... 

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