Ward, Will

Some of the errors which can occur at the time of specimen collection on the ward or in an outpatient department may prove impossible to eliminate, and it is almost certain that, when a comprehensive system of controls has become standard practice in any laboratory, the ward will become the major source of error. The overtaxed doctor or nurse is liable to make a mistake over the patient s name when labeling specimen tubes, or accidentally to put the wrong times of collection on sequential specimens. Such errors can be reduced only by training staff responsible for specimen collection to work in a methodical manner regardless of the stress of the moment. 

The theoretical treatments are necessarily very involved, so only a brief summary of the Euler angle approach, adopted by Folkes and Ward, will be given here. As discussed previously we wish to calculate... 

Pipe Lines The principal interest here will be for flow in which one hquid is dispersed in another as they flow cocurrently through a pipe (stratified flow produces too little interfacial area for use in hquid extraction or chemical reaction between liquids). Drop size of dispersed phase, if initially very fine at high concentrations, increases as the distance downstream increases, owing to coalescence [see Holland, loc. cit. Ward and Knudsen, Am. In.st. Chem. Eng. J., 13, 356 (1967)] or if initially large, decreases by breakup in regions of high shear [Sleicher, ibid., 8, 471 (1962) Chem. Eng. ScL, 20, 57 (1965)]. The maximum drop size is given by (Sleicher, loc. cit.)... 

For an oriented polymer, the magnitude of the observed second moment static magnetic field H0, which can be conveniently defined by the polar and azimuthal angles A, transverse isotropy, to which the following discussion is limited, the observed second moment will depend only on the angle A, there being no preferred orientation in the plane normal to the 3 direction. The treatment follows that originally presented by McBrierty and Ward 9>. 

Kerr (7-9) has shown the critical role of the calcination environment and bed geometry in the formation of USY zeolites ("deep bed" vs."shallow bed"calcination). Ward (10) prepared USY zeolites by calcining ammonium Y zeolites in flowing steam. The work done by Kerr and Maher et al. (11) has clearly demonstrated that USY zeolites are formed as a result of aluminum expulsion from the framework at high temperatures in the presence of steam. The nature of the non-framework aluminum species has not been completely clarified. Obviously, their composition will be strongly affected by the preparation procedure of the USY zeolite. Table II shows different oxi-aluminum species assumed to be formed during thermal dealumination of the zeolite framework. 

The stability of nitroxides will be well known to readers acquainted with the spin-labelling technique (Berliner, 1976), but it must be recognized that nitroxides employed as spin labels or spin probes are almost invariably di-t-alkyl nitroxides. Diaryl and many aryl t-alkyl nitroxides are also sufficiently persistent to be isolated, and it has recently been shown that several acyl t-alkyl nitroxides can also be obtained pure (Perkins and Ward, 1973 Alewood et al., 1978). However, other nitroxides are less persistent. Monosubstituted nitroxides, RN(H)Q-, rapidly disproportionate to nitroso-... 

Of the four different methods of cluster analysis applied, the method of Ward described in the Clustan User Manual (10), worked best when compared to the single-, complete-, or average-linkage methods. Using Ward s method, two clusters, Gn and Gm, are fused when by pooling the variance within two existing clusters the variance of the so formed clusters increases minimally. The variance or the sum of squares within the classes will be chosen as the index h of a partition. 

This, then is the amount of lignocaine you would need to infuse intravenously each hour to maintain the plasma concentration at, or very close to, 1.5 mg/1. As you can see it is quite close to 1 mg/min and many of the protocols you will find on the wards or in the coronary care or intensive care units will suggest a rate of infusion for maintenance of 1 mg per minute. 

It may not be very helpful in the wards to say that the patient is to receive, say, 60 mg lignocaine per hour as the nurse will want to know what volume of solution it is in and how much is to be run in per minute. For example, if 60 mg of lignocaine is dissolved in 120 ml of solvent (perhaps normal saline... 

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