Walking and Running

When there is ever a true breakthrough you can find a time period when the consensus was, Well that s nonsense . ..a true, creative researcher has to have confidence in nonsense. 

The freely swinging leg during walking can be visualized as a physical pendulum pivoted at the top end. The period of oscillation of this physical pendulum is (Davidovits, 1975) 

FIGURE 7.4.16 Flying, running, and swimming each have similar properties based on maximizing distance moved per unit of energy expenditure. 

In the most effortless walk (called ballistic walking), the legs swing at their natural frequency and the time for one step is TH. Walking faster or slower requires more muscular effort and is not likely to happen without some special motivation. 

The speed of walking is proportional to the product of the number of steps taken in a given time and the length of the step. The step length is proportional to the length of the leg. Thus, the walking speed is 

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For people identification, it is also possible to combine micro-Doppler analyses with ISAR processing. During walk and run, there is a very... 

He who would learn to fly one day must first learn to stand and walk and run and climb and dance. One cannot fly into flying. 

R. L. Marsh, D. J. Ellerby, J. A. Carr, H. T. Henry and C. I. Buchanan, Partitioning the energetics of walking and running Swinging the limbs is expensive. Science 303, January... 

It is His duty to establish friendship. Walking and running, lying inert in a drunken stupor, remaining in stillness, and being in a state of equanimity. 

Tribology dominates our daily activities. Friction enables us to stand, walk, and run properly. Friction also enables us to drive a car, a boat, or a snowmobile or to ski or skate. Brushing, shaving, and chewing involve extensive friction, wear, and lubrication. Writing and printing are tribological processes accomplished by a controlled transfer of ink to paper. Some of these processes are productive and some are unproductive friction and wear. 

Compare expected walking and running speeds of a fox and hare. 

Experimental methods are as follows a few 25-year-old healthy men were chosen to wear the helmet, and four measuring points respectively numbered Tl, T2, T3 and T4 were respectively arranged at top of head, the front of head, the back of head and face position. As outside temperature was kept steady, parameters such as temperature, pulse frequency, carbon dioxide concentration and some others were measured at the four measuring points respectively within 5 minutes in the following three circumstances stillness, walking and running. 

Activity or motion sensors are the simplest and most widely used sensors in pacemakers today. The basic motion sensor is a piezoelectric crystal that creates a small amount of electrical energy when subjected to force. The electrical energy is measured and used as an indicator of activity. The piezoelectric crystal is mounted on the generator case so that it detects vertical motion. Basic activities such as walking and running activate this vertical motion sensor. 

Two sets of data are used to assess the accuracy of the monitoring system. Both sets of data were collected with four laser scanners placed in the lobby of a high school. Students move and interact in different ways in the lobby. The first data set includes students and their parents with a waiting line which lasts for approximately 30 min. In the second set of data, 300 people were invited to walk and run, following a prearranged script describing various social behaviors to perform for a duration of two hours. Data sets each provided their own set of challenges. However, the most difiicult to resolve are ... 

Loads of 44.5 and 88.9 N was used to simulate swing phase during walking and running, respectively in a study of pistoning with X-ray. The X-rays were taken while the subject was lying supine and the data of loaded and unloaded positions were compared. 

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