Volume of mixture

Ethyl alcohol under ordinary conditions is a volatile, flammable, clear, colorless Hquid. Its odor is pleasant, familiar, and characteristic, as is its taste when suitably diluted with water. The most amazing property of ethanol is the volume shrinkage that occurs when it is mixed with water, or the volume expansion that occurs when it is mixed with gasoline. One volume of ethanol plus one volume of water results ia only 1.92 volumes of mixture. 

Calculate the combustion energy E [J] for each blast by multiplication of the individual volumes of mixture by 3.5 x 10 J/m. This value (3.5 x... 

In any air-vapor mixture, each component has its own partial pressure and the air and the vapor are each indifferent to the existence of the other. It follows that the conditions of either component may be studied without reference to the other. In a certain volume of mixture. 

We come to conclude that a pilot-scale reactor with capacity of ea. 120 L was necessary to produce 50 kg of GBL pa- one bateh. By assuming the compressed liquid ramditions, specific volume of total mixture was also calculated in order to compare with Ok result calculatoi on fire basis of saturated liquid conditions. However, total volume of mixture was not greatly change At the compressed liquid conditions, total volume of mixture was decmised only 6% (ximpared to that calculate at the saturated liquid conditions. 

Specific Total volume volume of mixture (liter)... 

Let us represent the mass consumption rate of the fuel per unit volume (of mixture) to be (+ % rj- This is opposite to the sign convention adopted in Equation (3.18) in which species produced are positive in sign. However, it is more natural to treat mFr as inherently positive in sign. Then... 

Calvo, E., Brocos, P., Bravo, R., Pintos, M., Amigo, A., Roux, A.H., and Roux-Desgranges, G. Heat capacities, excess enthalpies, and volumes of mixtures containing cyclic ethers. 1. Binary systems 1,4-dioxane -r n-alkanes, J. Chem. Ene. Data, 43(1) 105-111, 1998. 

As a matter of fact, the volumes of NaAlSi308-KAlSi308 mixtures are not ideal and have positive excess terms. Deviations from simple Vegard s rule proportionality are mainly due to edge h Kroll and Ribbe (1983) provide three polynomial expressions relating the volumes of mixtures to the molar fractions of the potassic component Xor) valid, respectively, for monoclinic symmetry (complete disorder), triclinic symmetry of perfect order (low albite and maximum micro-cline), and the intermediate structural state ... 

Consider that the flow through a packed column is suddenly switched from pure carrier gas to a mixture of carrier gas and adsorbate vapor at concentration c. As the mixture traverses the distance dl along the column, adsorption will cause the concentration to decrease by dc. Expressing the concentration as weight W of adsorbate per unit volume of mixture, gives the weight lost by the flow in the column length dl as... 

Fig. 26. Increased fluorescent yield (arbitrary scale) per Tb3+ ion at 545 nm as produced by decreasing the volume of solubilizate in each micelle. V = volume of mixture (1 1 by volume) of 0.5M TbCl3 and 0.5M HPA (= hydroxy-phenylacetic acid) solutions which has been solubilized in 1 ml of 2 10 2mol dm-3 AOT in isooctane. [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 56, 168 (1976))...

No doubt structural differences are also responsible for the 0-36% increase in molecular volume of liquid water on going from H20 to D20. The molecular volumes of mixtures obey an ideal mixture law very closely (Kirshenbaum, 1951). However, in the main, the density difference between H20 and its mixtures with D20 is due to the change in average molecular weight. Because of this density difference, the quantitative results for thermodynamic measurements on solutions in H20-D20 mixtures are different according to the concentration scale adopted. For dilute solutions in ordinary water the difference between... 

The quantity of nitrating mixture is calculated with a small excess of HN03 (1%), or the nitration is carried out with a volume of mixture insufficient for complete nitration (e.g. 95-97.5%). In the latter case the spent acid does not contain any nitric acid or nitrogen oxides. Nitrobenzene, together with unreacted benzene, is separated from the spent acid. Then benzene is separated from nitrobenzene by distillation. The yield generally amounts to 98% on a large scale, and to about 95% in the laboratoiy. 

The ideal gas, consisting of molecules with zero volume that do not intera fulfills the conditions of solution ideality as a special case. When ideal gases mixed, there is no volume change of mixing, because the molar volume of mixture V B and the molar volumes of the pure species Vf are all equal to RT/... 

If too low a proportion of combustible gas is present, only a small quantity of heat per unit volume of mixture is liberated when the layer surrounding the initial source of heat is inflamed, and the products of combustion have to impart heat to a considerable volume of inert gases. The number of collisions between molecules of combustible gas and of oxygen that are chemically fruitful is therefore small. Such collisions, resulting in combination, will occur only in the neighbourhood of the initial source of heat, around which an aureole or cap will form of a size dependent on the nature and quantity of the combustible gas present. 

Energy Levels for Ignition. If a flammable gas mixture is to be ignited by a local source of ignition, there is a minimum volume of mixture required to cause a continuing flame throughout the mixture. 

Through the understanding of the nonequilibrium changes in the glassy state of miscible blends, the excess volume of mixture is analyzed, and is related to the nonequilibrium enthalpy of mixing. In contrast to the multi-phase systems, the presence of a maximum yield stress in a miscible glassy blend at a critical concentration is predicted as a function of the nonequilibrium interaction. In accordance with Eq. (59), the total volume of a compatible blend is written as... 

Equivalent concentration—Number of equivalents of solute per unit volume of mixture. 

The entropy gain per unit volume of mixture is much less if two polymers are mixed than if one of the components is a low-molecular-weight solvent, because N is much smaller in the former case. 

The total volume V of this solution is (N[ + 20) , where V is the molar volume of the solvent. Then the enthalpy of mixing per unit volume of mixture is... 

The ratio (1 /v) is the volume of mixture in the reactor divided by the volume of mixture fed to the reactor per unit time and is called the space time, t. The inverse of the space time is called the space velocity. In each case, the conditions for the volume of the feed must be specified temperature, pressure (in the case of a gas), and state of aggregation (liquid or gas). Space velocity and space time should be used in preference to contact time or holding time since there is no unique residence time in the CSTR (see below). Why develop this terminology Consider a batch reactor. The material balance on a batch reactor can be written [from Equation (3.2.1)] ... 

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