Voltage dependent equation

The Voltage Dependent Equation in Terms ofVoltseconds (MKS units)... 

It is also therefore helpful to know how to write the voltage dependent equation, (expressed in terms of Et), in CGS units instead. 

We remember that the original form of the voltage dependent equation is... 

In the previous section was given the experimental demonstration of two sites. Here the steady state scheme and equations necessary to calculate the single channel currents are given. The elemental rate constants are thereby defined and related to experimentally determinable rate constants. Eyring rate theory is then used to introduce the voltage dependence to these rate constants. Having identified the experimentally required quantities, these are then derived from nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation studies on channel incorporated into lipid bilayers. 

The voltage dependence predicted by (2) leads to a highly nonlinear I(V) curve if plotted over a bias of several volts. If the barrier is sufficiently asymmetrical at zero bias, the I(V) curve becomes asymmetrical as well as nonlinear. Such a curve is shown in the lower part of Fig. 2. Equations for more complicated zero-bias barriers, such as the combination of a trapezoid and a square barrier, have been given by several authors [40, 41], Equations like (2) and those for more complex barriers can provide information about barrier height and barrier thickness [30, 40-45]. 

From this equation it is evident that the maximum voltage depends on the square root of the maximum heat that can be dissipated, the conductivity of the buffer, and the two geometry parameters of the capillary, length L and diameter d. Equation (19) can be rewritten to yield an expression for /i iax ... 

Vibration isolation 237—250 critical damping 239 pneumatic systems 250 quality factor, Q 239 resonance excitation 241 stacked plate-elastomer system 249 transfer function 240 Virus 341 Viton 250, 270, 272 Voltage-dependent imaging 16, 17 Si(lOO) 17 Si(lll)-2X1 16 Volterra equation 310 Vortex 334 W... 

A pH meter is standardized with buffer solutions of known pH before a measurement of an unknown solution is taken. It should be noted from Equation 2.2 that the voltage depends on temperature. Hence, pH meters must have some means for temperature correction. Older instruments usually have a knob labeled temperature control, which is adjusted by the user to the temperature of the measured solution. Newer pH meters automatically display a temperature-corrected pH value. 

Fig. 4. PUFAs shift voltage dependence of sodium current inactivation. (A) Sodium current inactivation. A set of sodium currents recorded in an isolated CAl neuron by a 10-ms depolarizing potential step to —25 mV, following different 0.5-s conditioning steps to potentials ranging from -140 mV to -35 mV. (B) Steady-state inactivation of the sodium current in the cell in Fig. 1A. Peak sodium current amplitude is normahzed to the maximal current given as a function of conditioning step potential (V) in fat-free control solution (open symbols) and after perfusion with 16 pzW DHA (filled symbols). Data are fitted with a Boltzmann equation of the form 1/(1 -E e(( V- V )/VJ),...

Fig. 7. Synergistic action of PUFAs. (A) Voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation of the sodium current in the control solution (open symbols) after perfusion with 15 pAf carbamazepine (CBZ, gray symbols) and after the addition of 0.5 pAf EPA (black symbols). Data are fit with a Boltzmann equation. Like PUFAs, CBZ induces a shift in I4 and increases the slope factor V. The addition of 0.5 fiM EPA induces an extra shift in V), but without affecting the V, whereas 0.5 pAf EPA alone has no discernible effect on V. (B) The shift in induced by addition of 0.5 pAf EPA on top of 15 [iM CBZ is given against the shift induced by 15 pAf CBZ alone for CAl neurons from healthy rats (open circles), for CAl neurons from patients with pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (filled circles), and for neocortical neurons from epilepsy patients (squares). The potentiating effect of subthreshold concentrations of EPA is similar for all groups.

In table 3, the voltage dependence of the transient current peak, the peak current magnitude, and the calculated mobilities associated with the current peak times for all the paper samples studied. The mobility was determined using the standard equation ... 

Equations 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 predict that for Vos = V the drain current drops to zero, and the simplified physical models underlying these equations predict that the drain current is zero for all Vqs < Vf In reality, as Figure 6.4.2 indicates, these equations do not correctly represent the drain current in the subthreshold region, where the linear or quadratic dependence of drain current on gate voltage in Equations 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 gradually transitions to an exponential dependence. The standard drain-current equation in the subthreshold region has the form... 

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