Vitis vinifera, origins

A similar cardioprotective benefit is achieved by agents and antioxidant enzymes that scavenge hydroxyl radicals (or reduce their formation), but not by agents that reduce superoxide anion production. Some compounds of plant origin that have been shown to protect against ischemic injury are procyanidine from Vitis vinifera resveratrol from red wine, " and ginseng extract. ... 

Traceability of Vitis Vinifera Related Products on the Basis of Geographical Origin... 

Strauss, C.R., Dimitriadis, E., Wilson, B., and Williams, RJ. (1986). Studies on the hydrolysis of two megastigma-3,6,9-triols rationalizing the origins of some volatile C13 norisoprenoids of Vitis vinifera grapes, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 34,145-149. 

Zamuz, S. Vilanova, M. (2006b). Volatile compounds after spontaneous fermentation of must from Vitis vinifera cv Albarino grapes cultived in different origins from Rias Baixas AOC Spain. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 21, 743-748... 

Figure 9.2 A generalised scheme of the spread of Vitis vinifera noble varieties of grapevine and winemaking from their centre of origin in Asia Minor to other parts of the world. Adapted from Chambers and Pretoiius (2010).

Considine, J. A. Knox, R.B. (1981). Tissue origins, cell lineages and patterns of cell division in the developing dermal system of the fruit of Vitis vinifera L. Planta, Vol. 151, No. 5, (May 1981), pp. 403-412, ISSN 0032-0935... 

Stilbenes originate from the same biosynthetic precursors as flavonoids, but have a different structure, since the polyketide portion undergoes a different type of cyclization including loss of one carbon by decarboxylation. Stilbenes occur in several umelated plants such as peanut (Arachis hypogaea), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), rhubarb (Rheum), false hellebores (Veratrum) and pine (Pinus) species. These compounds have antifungal properties. They are induced upon stress, injury, and fungal infection and can therefore be classified as phytoalexins. 

The content of saccharose in varieties of common grape vine (Vitis vinifera, Vitaceae) is iow, but in some varieties of Fox grape vine (V. labrusca), originating from North America, and their hybrids it may account for up to 25% of totai sugars. 

U Fischer, D Roth, M Christmann. The impact of geographic origin, vintage and wine estate on sensory properties of Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling wines. Food Qual Preference 19 281-288, 1999. 

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