Vitamin neutrophils

Reduced scavenger capacity is deduced from studies demonstrating low plasma and cellular levels of antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamin E, thiols, magnesium and ascorbic acid, as well as reduced levels of scavenger enzymes such as neutrophil glutathione peroxidase and red cell superoxide dismutase (Lyons, 1991 Sinclair /., 1992). 

In bronchitics, there have been reports of elevated serum-conjugated dienes, hydroperoxides and aldehydes, and a claim of clinical eflicacy as well as normalization of these parameters after vitamin E therapy (Kleiner et al., 1990). However, these patients were given combined therapy including steroids and thus the effect of vitamin E alone cannot be assessed. N-Acetylcysteine administered to chronic bronchitics increased plasma cysteine from a below-normal baseline but it has not been shown that this intervention had any effect on the disease process, the dosing being of short duration, nor were there short-term effects of the release of ROS from blood neutrophils (reviewed by MacNee et al., 1991). A... 

Politis I, Bizelis I, Tsiaras A and Baldi A (2004), Effect of vitamin E supplementation on neutrophil function, milk composition and plasmin activity in dairy cows in a commercial herd , Journal of Dairy Research, 71, 273-278. 

The peroxidase-negative granules produced later in neutrophil development are termed secondary or specific granules (because they stain only with specific dyes). They are twice as abundant in the cytoplasm of the mature neutrophil as the azurophilic granules. Specific granules contain much of the lysozyme, lactoferrin, vitamin-B 12-binding protein, adhesin receptors, fMet-Leu-Phe receptors, and cytochrome b.245. 

In polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL, neutrophils), secretory responses measured as vitamin B -binding protein release were inhibited by feverfew extract when the response was induced by the chemotactic peptide FMLP or arachidonic acid but not when the calcium ionophore A23187 was... 

Ascorbic Acid (AA). Experimental (SI, S7, S24) and clinical (B13, B17) studies have provided some evidence for the concept that oxidative stress is the common pathway for the initiation of AP (B14). The most abundant endogenous antioxidant in the aqueous phase is ascorbic acid (AA), a bioactive form of vitamin C, which scavenges oxygen-derived free radicals produced by activated neutrophils and the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system (D12). Scott et al. 

Figure 28-1. Characteristic features of vitamin B12 or folate deficiency in the peripheral blood include larger-than-normal mature red blood cells (oval macrocytes with an elevated mean corpuscular volume) and large hypersegmented neutrophils (1 neutrophil with six nuclear lobes or more than 5% neutrophils with five nuclear lobes).These characteristics are associated with megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow and are the result of fewer cell divisions due to impaired DNA synthesis.

Deficiency of either folic acid or vitamin B12 restdts in megaloblastic anemia -the release into circulation of immature erythrocytes because of failure of the normal process of maturation in the bone marrow (Wickramasinghe, 1995, 1999). There may also be low white cell and platelet counts, as well as increased numbers of hypersegmented neutrophils. Iron deficiency may mask the megaloblastic anemia. 

The serum concentration of vitamin Bj is low (normal 170-925 nanogram/1). In severe deficiency there is pancytopenia, the blood film shows anisopoikilocytosis with oval macrocytes and hyper-segmented neutrophils the marrow is megaloblastic. In many patients with pernicious anaemia antibodies to intrinsic factor can be identified in the serum. 

The circulatory system contains a number of types of cells. Nearly half of the volume of whole blood consists of red blood cells whereas only about / of the blood consists of white blood cells. The function of the red blood cells is to transport ojtygeri to the tissues. White blood cells are part of the immune system. There are several types of white blood ceils neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Neutrophils are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The smallest type of ceil in the bloodstream is the platelet. Platelets are used in the clotting of blood, as outlined under Vitamin K. 

FIGURE 9.20 Neotiflphils. The examination of neutrophils is used to diagnose vitamin states. 

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