Viscosities of mixtures

It is important from a practical viewpoint to predict the shear viscosity of mixtures from those of pure melts. For alkali nitrate melts, a linear dependence has been found between the reorientational line width obtained by Raman measurements and the ratio of temperature divided by shear viscosity.For NO3 ions, the depolarized Raman scattering from 1050cm" total stretching vibrational mode (Al) has a contribution to the line width L, which is caused by the reorientational relaxation time of the Csv axis of this ion. The Stokes-Einstein-Debye(SED) relation establishes a relation between the shear viscosity r of a melt and the relaxation time for the reorientation of a particle immersed in it ... 

Bretsznajder (1971) gives a detailed review of the methods that have been developed for estimating the viscosity of mixtures, including methods for aqueous solutions and dispersions. 

The crystallization of the solved substance(s) (or part of it) or the subcooling, and the delay of this crystallization, which depends again not only on the temperature but also very much on the viscosity of mixture. 

Krishnaiah, A. and Surendranath, K.N., Densities, speeds of sound, and viscosities of mixtures of oxolane with chloroethanes and chloroethenes, J. Chem. Eng. Data, 41(5) 1012-1014, 1996. 

Another interesting system containing a surface active betaine ester is the dilute aqueous mixture of dodecyl betainate and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose (HM-HEC) that has been studied by Karlberg et al. [33]. It is well known that the viscosity of mixtures of HM polymers and surfactants is strongly dependent on the concentration of the amphiphile. By preparing a mixture of a surface active betaine ester and HM-HEC in a solution buffered at a pH where the surfactant is hydrolyzed, it is possible to make a gel with a time-dependent viscosity. 

R. Abegg, A. Kanitz, and 0. Pulvermacher have measured the viscosity of soln. of ammonium nitrate, and H. Gorke the reciprocal of the viscosity, i.e. the fluidity at different temp, (water at 25° unity), and his measurements are indicated in Table LXI. A. Kanitz also measured the viscosities of mixtures of ammonium nitrate with potassium, sodinm, or barium nitrate, and found that the results follow the additive rule very closely. W. N. Bond studied the plasticity of crystals of ammonium nitrate. 

If the composition of the gas is unavailable, Figure 6-8 can be used to obtain viscosities of mixtures of hydrocarbon gases at one atmosphere pressure.5 Insert plots show corrections to the value of hydrocarbon viscosity which may be applied to take into account the effect of the presence of hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen, or carbon dioxide. The effect of each of the nonhydrocarbon gases is to increase the viscosity of the gas mixture. 

Fig. 1. Dependence of the specific viscosity of mixtures of the copolymer of the meth-acrylic acid and methylmethacrylate with PEO on the molecular weight of PEO. Total polymer concentration 0.05 g/dl, solvent — water ethanol = 30 70 temperature 25 °C (7), 15 °C (2). 47,7b)...

L. J. Simon also studied the viscosity of nitric acid. W. Grunert found that the viscosities of mixtures of nitric acid and potassium nitrate at 20°, increase over the whole range of concentration examined. E. C. Bingham and S. B. Stone measured the fluidity of mixtures of soln. of nitric and sulphuric acids at 10°,... 

Dispersion media Substance Percentage of solid Viscosity of mixture (poises X 10- ) Average pore-diameter, Dv Value of ti mDv... 

Krejci, Novotny and Ruzicka [79] have also recently examined the viscosities of mixtures of nitric and sulphuric acids with water from the point of view of their practical importance. 

The effect of Co on the process of diamond powder compaction has been studied at the pressure of 8 GPa and temperatures between 1400-2000 °C. It is shown that the interaction between liquid Co and diamond particles speeds up the process if not changes the limiting value of shrinkage as compared with solid phase sintering. The dependences of the rate of diamond powder infiltration with cobalt and Co-WC, Co-Mo and Co-Ti melts on the temperature have been studied experimentally under high pressure. It is shown that the infiltration by pure cobalt occurs quicker as compared with that by cobalt-base alloys. Based on the Einstein equation for the viscosity of mixtures, an equation for the infiltration coefficient is derived which is in good agreement with the experimental data for Co-Ti and Co-WC alloys. 

Here pc is in pP (micropoises), Pc in atm, Tc in K, and Vc incm3/mol. Figure 2.4 can also be used to approximate viscosities of mixtures with the pseudocritical properties defined by... 

An idea of the agreement of the formula with the facts may be obtained by a comparison of the mean diameters <712 calculated from this equation and those computed from measurements of the viscosity of mixtures. A list of such values is given in Table VIII.3, which is taken from Chapman and Cowling. ... 

Another method of assessing the Interaction of polyacrylamide and the model BrlJ-10 mlcroemulslon Is to compare the specific viscosity of mixtures of the two with that expected on the basis of Ideal mixing (i ). This Is given by... 

Szafranska found that there are no anomalies in the viscosity of mixtures of hexane and nitrobenzene near the critical solution temperature (which had been claimed by Drapier in the region where there are no optical anomalies. 

Morris (1981) suggested that when the apparent viscosities of two gum dispersions at equal concentrations are substantially different, in order to account for the different viscosity-coneentration relationships for the two gums, the apparent viscosity of mixtures of solutions of two gums be studied by mixing solutions of the two biopolymers with eoneentrations adjusted to give similar viscosities. The steps in this procedure for peetin and LB gum dispersions were (Lopes da Silva et al., 1992) (1) the shear rate—apparent viscosity data of solutions of pectin and LB gum with different eoneentrations were obtained, and (2) the concentrations... 

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