Virus distribution

Figure 7.1-10. AGENT Trial Virus Distribution. Detection of adenovirus in the pulmonary artery during intrcoronary infusion and in venous blood at 1 hour after infusion in patients treated with increasing doses of Ad5FGF-4 in the AGENT trial (n = 60). (Reproduced with permission from Lippincott, Williams Wilkins.)...

Jacobs, B. L., and Penhoet, E. E., 1982, Assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus Distribution of the glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells, J. Virol. 44 1047. 

Zhang L, He T, Talal A, Wang G, Frankel SS, Ho DD (1998) In vivo distribution of the human immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus coreceptors CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR5. J Virol 72(6) 5035-5045... 

Children less than 12 years of age will have a 97% seroconversion rate following a single vaccination. Adolescents and adults more than 13 years old will only have 78% seroconversion after a single inoculation, but will have 99% conversion after the second vaccination administered 4 to 8 weeks after the first. Antibody titers appear to persist for at least 20 years following immunization. Despite excellent seroconversion rates, breakthrough chickenpox is reported at a rate of 1 case per 10,000 doses distributed. Most cases occurred within the first year following vaccination, and were due to wild-type varicella zoster virus. The majority of breakthrough cases were mild and of short duration.12... 

Martell, M., et al. (1992). Hepatitis C virus (HCV) circulates as a population of different but closely related genomes Quasispecies nature of HCV genome distribution. J. Virol. 66,3225-3229. 

An additional virus that has more recently gained some attention as a possible vector is that of the sindbis virus. A member of the alphavirus family, this ssRNA virus can infect a broad range of both insect and vertebrate cells. The mature virion particles consist of the RNA genome com-plexed with a capsid protein C. This, in turn, is enveloped by a lipid bilayer in which two additional viral proteins (El and E2) are embedded. The E2 polypeptide appears to mediate viral binding to the surface receptors of susceptible cells. The major mammalian cell surface receptor it targets appears to be the highly conserved, widely distributed laminin receptor. 

Relative molecular mass distributions for components of biochemical and polymer systems can be determined with a 10% accuracy using standards. With biochemical materials, where both simple and macro-molecules may be present in an electrolyte solution, desalting is commonly employed to isolate the macromolecules. Inorganic salts and small molecules are eluted well after such materials as peptides, proteins, enzymes and viruses. Desalting is most efficient if gels with relatively small pores are used, the process being more rapid than dialysis. Dilute solutions of macro-molecules can be concentrated and isolated by adding dry gel beads to absorb the solvent and low RMM solutes. 

---