Viral strategies

Ploegh HL (1998) Viral strategies of immune evasion. Science 280 248-253. 

Cardoso AL, Simoes S, de Almeida LP, Pelisek J, Culmsee C, Wagner E, et al. siRNA delivery by a transferrin-associated lipid-based vector a non-viral strategy to mediate gene silencing. J Gene Med 2007 9 170-183. 

In this review we will summarise our current understanding of the mechanisms whereby the GAr domain of EBNAl interferes with ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis and speculate on how this viral strategy might contribute to the biology of EBV infection in healthy virus carriers and EBV-associated malignancies. 

Paz P, Brouwenstijn N, Perry R, Shastri N (1999) Discrete proteolytic intermediates in the MHC class I antigen processing pathway and MHC I-dependent peptide trimming in the ER. Immunity 11 241-251 Ploegh HL (1998) Viral strategies of immune evasion. Science 280 248-253... 

A second viral strategy to disrupt PKR function involves antagonistic viral nucleic adds. For example, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be able to bind to PKR in competition with dsRNA and prevent autophosphor tion and activation of PKR in vitro. EBV nucleic acid can also antagonise PKR, since fflV-encoded RNA1 (EBER-1) and EBER-2can bind PKR in vitro and EBER-1 can reverse the inhibitory eflfects of dsRNA on protein synthesis. AdV-encoded VAI RNA binds to PKR in competition with dsRNA but fails to lead to PKR autophosphorylation or activation. 

A further viral strategy to disable PKR is poliovirus (PV)-induced PKRd adation, while herpes simplex virus (HSV) encodes a protein (the -/34.5 gene product) which promotes dephosphorylation ofcIF2a. This strategy is also used by human papilloma virus (HP V), which encodes the protein 6 that also dephosphorylates eIF2a. ... 

D. Infections of the Central Nervous System Viral Strategies to Circumvent Chemokine Systems... 

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