Violence, drug-related

These data also offered a glimpse of the degree to which the conflicts created by an elder sibling s drug related behaviour could expose younger brothers, in particular, to violence ... 

He, like others, had also been exposed to traumatic events, often in the shape of drug-related violence involving other predatory drug users, as well... 

Looking out for, and looking after, the parent was universal in these data. Fear was at the heart of their concerns. They were afraid that their parents would be harmed by the drugs and afraid of the associated harms like setting fires when incapacitated, of drug related violence, of the consequences of criminality. Inevitably these fears were closely tied to their own anxieties as to the consequences for them if harm were to come to parents... 

The main intermediate country of cocaine shipments to North America is Mexico. The Mexican authorities have intensified their interdiction efforts, resulting in cocaine seizures more than doubling, from 13 mt in 2002 to 30 mt in 2005.5 However, drug-related violence has also increased, with some 2000-2500 drug-related homicides in 2006s. 

By contending that marihuana incited its users to violence, Anslinger had unwittingly undermined his own efforts to secure maximum sentences in any and all drug-related trials. He now had no other choice but to revise the bureau s position with regard to marihuana s effects on crime. Instead of claiming that marihuana invariably incited criminal activity, the bureau s new position was that the effects of marihuana were so variable that no general statement could be made as to its effects on criminality. 

Drug-related public-order disturbances, property crimes, aggression and violence are of growing concern. An evaluation of Dutch nuisance policy called for broader measures targeted at heavy drug users as well as at clubbers and the homeless. 

Manson s evil behavior and violence were related to heroin abuse and LSD. His followers, who he called his family, were strongly influenced by these drugs. They were among more than 300,000 Americans who abused heroin to ease their troubled minds. Twelve million are addicted. 

The 1980s introduces deadlier weapons to America s streets, including such semiautomatic pistols as the Clock and Tec-9 and, to a lesser extent, semiautomatic ( assault ) rifles such as the AK-47. Media exposure to such weapons in drug- and gang-related violence helps to spur support for gun control in general and a ban on semiautomatic assault weapons in particular. 

After heart disease and cancer, alcohol-related disorders are considered the third most important health problem in the United States, estimated to account for at least one fourth of all hospitalizations in this country. Almost 50% of those who suffer from alcohol dependence also abuse other legal and illicit drugs (see Appendix D). Alcohol is involved in 25% to 35% of all suicides and 50% to 70% of all homicides it also figures prominently in accidental deaths and domestic violence (388, 389). Furthermore, causes of death resulting from excessive alcohol use include the following ... 

Suicide—or attempted suicide—in eight users of anabolic steroids has been described in Germany the cases were related variously to hypomanic states during use of anabolic steroids or depression after withdrawal (39). Some of the users had committed acts of violence while using the drugs. In all cases, there were risk factors for suicidality and the drugs may simply have triggered the suicidal decision. 

Entirely new symptoms related to violence developed on the drug (challenge). 

In summary, there is incontrovertible evidence that antidepressants cause suicidality, irritability, violence, and mania as well as a wide range of other psychiatric adverse drug reactions often related to overstimulation, such as insomnia, anxiety, agitation, emotional instability, and akathisia. They can also cause apathy and emotional indifference. There is also strong evidence that they cause lasting abnormalities in brain function and even brain anatomy, including abnormal brain cell proliferation, death of brain cells, and shrinkage of brain tissue. 

Much of the research on drugs and crime has concerned heroin. Most crimes committed by heroin addicts are either violations of the drug laws or ways to get money to buy more heroin. Therefore, the addict s most commonly committed crimes are burglary, larceny, assault, and other street crimes. These crimes are indeed serious and sometimes result in injury or death to the victims. The direct intent of the crime is not to harm the victim, however, but to get money. This same motive probably applies to much of the violence related to cocaine, and to conflicts over money among cocaine dealers and their customers. 

Risk for violence to oneself or others related to drug use... 

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