Vinyl monomers with long-chain alkyl

Mechanical Properties of DAP Resins Cocured Microheterogeneously with Vinyl Monomers Having Long-Chain Alkyl Groups... 

DAP was cocured in bulk with vinyl monomers having long-chain alkyl groups, including vinyl laurate (VL), dioctyl fumarate (DOF), lauryl methacrylate (LMA), and stearyl methacrlate (SMA) (12). 

This type of microheterogeneous copolymerization of DAP with vinyl monomers having long-chain alkyl groups was applied further for the bulk copolymerization systems to obtain direct evidence to support the idea of the microheterogeneity of the systems beyond the gel-point conversion [82]. Also, the solution copolymerization of DAT was explored to demonstrate the incompatibility of the initially obtained precopolymer with a high content of comonomer units with DAT-enriched polymer chains [83]. 

It is difficult to control the stereoregularity of polymers in radical telomerization. However, the side chain ordering in the polymer can be realized if a long-chain alkyl compound is chosen as a vinyl monomer for telomerization. A preliminary example is reported with poly(octadecyl acrylate), ODA . The resultant polymer can be easily grafted onto porous silica through a terminal trimethoxy-silyl group. Toluene and tetrachloromethane are good solvents for this procedure. 

Tetradecylnorbomene (C -NBE yield 22%, liquid, b.p. 125-130°C at p=0.018 mbar, m.p. +4°C, GC-purity >95%, mixture of isomers), a new norbomene-type monomer with long alkyl chain, was synthesized from 1-hexadecene and cyclopentadiene (CDP). It is an interesting (co)monomer for ROMP and especially vinyl-addition polymerization, where the insolubility of the resulting polymers poses serious problems to polymer analysis. Ch-TD (yield 13%, purity >80%, mixture of isomers) was isolated as by-product. 

Besides vinyl acetate monomer, three other components are neeessary to earry out an emulsion polymerization water, an emulsifier and/or a proteetive eolloid, and a water-soluble initiator. Most commonly, anionic long-chain alkyl sulfonates are used as surfactants in amounts up to 6%. Studies have shown that the rate of polymerization is dependent on the amoimt of emulsifier present, with the rates inereasing as the amoimt of emulsifier is increased up to a certain point and then falling olF as free-radieal ehain transfer to the surfaetant beeomes a serious competing side reaetion [240]. In general, surfactants are used in eombination with a protective colloid. Especially useful as protective colloids are poly(vinyl alcohol), hydroxyethyl cellulose, alkyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride and styrene-allyl alcohol copolymers, and gum arable. Water-soluble initiators, particularly potassium persulfate, alkali peroxydisulfates, hydrogen peroxide, and various redox systems, are most commonly used. 

Associative monomers with long alkyl chains such as alkyl vinyl ethers. 

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