Vinyl Ester VE Resins

VE resin exhibits desirable mechanical properties like epoxy and simultaneously offers processability like a polyester resin. Like UPE resins, VE resins are cured using a free-radical intiator in combination with an accelerator [78-80], The commonest room temperature curing VE resin system consists of MEKP (1-2 wt%) and cobalt 

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The aim of this paper is to present comprehensive models of interactions by comparing rheological results, analytical data from spectroscopic methods such as solid-state NMR and IR, and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore we demonstrate how these interactions influence the rheology of fumed silica in unsaturated polyester (UP) and vinyl ester (VE) resins. 

The fracture energy GIc of unsaturated polyesters (UP), vinyl esters (VE), and phenolic resins, is less than 200 Jm 2 at room temperature. Epoxy networks can exhibit higher values but always lower than those of thermoplastics of similar Tg, as polycarbonate, polyetherimide, or polyphenylene ether. 

MVR 8060 Rr retardant brominated Modified vinyl Ester resin which does not require the use of antimony trioxIde or other llame retardant chemicals to achieve the ASTM E84 "Tunnel Test" rating of less then 25. Only a small sacriliee of chemical resistance and physical properties from ths unmodified vinyl ester VE 8400. 

Figure 1.3 Curing of various VE resins and vinyl ester urethane resins (VEU resin)...

A newly developed third class of vinyl ester resins is represented by the even higher quality VE urethanes based on bisphenol A epoxy. Here, the secondary OH groups of the VE react in polyaddition with polyisocyanates to produce urethane bridges, see Eigure 1.3. Vinyl ester urethane resins (VEU resin, vinyl ester urethane-hybrid resins) combine the good mechanical properties (stiffness) of VE resins with excellent high-temperature resistance (T approx. 220 °C and HDT approx. 210 °C) and excellent chemical resistance (the long-term durability of VEUH resin exceeds that of normal VE). 

Other additives and stabilisers are therefore used, using similar technology to that developed with TS polyesters, but large quantities must be used with vinyl esters that may impair the corrosion-resistant properties of these resins (which is one of the main reasons why they are used). Producers have therefore developed special additives. A typical solution is a version of a bisphenol-A epoxy VE, developed in... 

VDC. See Vinylidene chloride monomer VdC. See Vinylidene chloride copolymer VDF. See Vinylidene fluoride VE 225, VE 317 Black. See Vinyl ester resin VEB-500, VEB-IOOa, VEB-350a, VEB-10,00a, VEB-20,000, VEB-60,00a, VEB-165,000. See Dimethicone, vinyidimethyl-terminated VEctomer VE 4010. See Bis (4-vinyl oxy butyl) isophthalate... 

Two grades of fumed silica with a different degree of surface treatment and different polarity have been used a nontreated, hydrophilic Wacker HDK N20 (BET surface area 200 nP/g, 1.8 SiOH/nm equivalent to 100 % residual SiOH) and a fully silylated hydrophobic Wacker HDK H18 (carbon content 4.5 % C, 15 % residual SiOH), the latter being covered by a chemically grafted PDMS layer. Both silicas are products finom Wacker-Chemie GmbH, Germany. The resins used are an unsaturated polyester resin Palatal P4 (UP resin), a co-condensate of a diol, maleic acid and orthophthalic acid, and the vinyl ester resin Atlac 590 (VE resin), a co-condensate of glycidine, methacrylic acid and bisphenol A. Both resins have a styrene content of 35 % and are provided by DSM, The Nertherlands. 

Binders used for polymer concrete include epoxy resins (EP), unsaturated polymer resin (UP), vinyl ester resin (VE), methyl metacrylate (MMA) and furan resins [9-11]. 

The fire resistant brominated counterpart of Ve 6300. When used with 3% antimony trioxide, has a flame spread rate of less than 25 per ASTM 84 Tunnel Test". Excellent physical properties and corrosion resistance in a Vinyl Ester resin Lower halogen content and cost than VE 8400 and same competitive materials. 

MVR 8080 - Fire retardant, brominated Modified Vinyl Ester Resin with e llame spread of less than 25 per ASTM E 84 "Tunnel Test", when used with 3% antimony trioxIde. Does not attain the optimum physiCRl properties and corrosion resistance associated with the Vinyl Ester Resin, VE 8440... 

Vinyl ester resins contain fewer ester groups than resins based on glycol fumarate, phthalic acid, or bisphenol. Therefore, VE resins hydrolyze much more slowly, and the molecular mass does not undergo essential changes during hydrolysis, so that the mechanical properties change very little. Vinyl ester resins are therefore considerably more resistant (especially to alkalis) than phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, or bisphenol resins [32]. 

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