Vertical ring method

Ring, Wilhelmy Plate Detachment and the Height of a Meniscus on a Vertical Plane Methods... 

There are two modifications to the Wilhelmy plate method. In the first modification, the cup carrying the liquid is mobile and is lowered until the previously immersed plate becomes detached from the liquid surface, and the maximum vertical pull, / max on the balance is noted, similarly to the ring method. Then the capillary force, for the zero contact angle, can be given as... 

Wilhelmy Plate Method A method for determining surface or interfadal tension on the basis of measuring the force needed to pull an inert plate, held vertically, through an interface. Also termed the Wilhelmy slide method. See also du Nouy Ring Method. 

The ring method [319-322] is one of the most frequently used techniques for surface tension measurement. A platinum ring, attached to a vertical wire, is placed horizontally into the liquid (Fig. 9.19). The force, P, needed to pull the ring through the interface is measured. If one assumes that the ring supports a cylinder of liquid. 

The general method is to drive in a ring of vertical pipes and pass chilled brine down through an inner pipe so that it flows up the annulus, to cool and eventually freeze the surrounding wet soil. This process is continued until the ice builds up a continuous wall around the proposed excavation. Depths of over 650 m have been excavated in this way. Calcium chloride brine, cooled by surface plant, is usual, but liquid nitrogen has been used on small shafts [50]. 

Fig. 2 Electronic conduction of a benzene ring between two conducting electrodes. These calculations are performed by the time-dependent method presented here (solid line) and by the ESQC method (dashed line). The electrodes are connected either in ortho (left column) or meta (right column) position. Two regimes are investigated tunneling with v = —0.25 ev (upper row), pseudoballistic with v = —2 ev (lower row). The vertical dashed lines represent the energy of the benzene s molecular orbitals...

Intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of enamides have provided a route to hydroindole and hydroquinoline ring systems (80JA3294,5274). In this work, the diene portion was initially masked as a 2-substituted 2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide. Thus, reaction of the acid chloride (312) with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine (311) afforded the masked enamido diene (313), which was converted to the enamido diene (314) upon brief refluxing in xylene. Thermolysis of (314) afforded the hydrolulolidine (315) in 45-55% yield. Additionally, (313) could be transformed to (315) directly by passage of a 1% solution in toluene through a vertical tube (600 °C oven temperature) (Scheme 67). The method was used to prepare a known precursor to aspidospermine. 

For a somewhat more accurate estimate of the apparent source size in particular emission and observation conditions, numerical methods of Fourier optics can be used. In this framework, the effective source size can be obtained either by backpropagation of the wavefront (at a specific wavenumber) to the source position, or by simulating the radiation focusing at optical magnification equal to 1. To illustrate this, we have considered two cases an IR beamline at the NSLS (0.8 GeV storage ring) normalized at 1000 mA (electron source size = 550 p,m horizontal, 70 (im vertical) and an IR beamline at SOFFIT, (2.75 GeV - electron source... 

Multiple bonds, internal rings, and other molecular substructures or subgraphs (see Figure 4.10a) are recognized through a circular inspection method. A circle of inspection centered on each detected atom is considered (see Figure 4.10b). Unknown border pixels found in this way are kept and used as the initial point for a new counterclockwise contour search, and the perception of new vertices and probable new atoms is carried out as described earlier. 

Zone refining a modem method of refining where a narrow ring furnace melts a thin disk in a vertical rod of impure material under an inert atmosphere. Impurities are more soluble in the melt, and as the ring furnace traverses the rod the impurities are swept to the end for eventual discard. The process may be repeated until the desired degree of purity has been achieved... 

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