Vermilion Chinese

Synonym(s) Colloidal mercury liquid silver mercury, metallic (DOT) quicksilver metallic mercuryb hydrargyrum0 Bichloride of mercury mercury bichloride01 mercury chlorided mercury dichloride mercury perchloride mercury (II) chloride perchloride of mercury corrosive sublimated corrosive mercury chloride dichloromercury Etiops mineral0 mercury sulfide, blackd vermilion Chinese red C.l. Pigment Red 106 C.1.77766° quicksilver vermilion Chinese vermilion red mercury sulfide artificial cinnabar red mercury sulfuretd... 

Mercuric sulfide n. HgS. Pigment Red 106 (77766). (1) A naturally occurring mineral, cinnabar. (2) Synthetically produced by addition of Hg to alkali sulfides depending on temperature, the colors vary from red orange to bluish red. Has good alkali resistance. Density, 8.0g/cm (66.6lb/gal) O.A., 11-15. Syn are vermilion, carmine vermilion, Chinese vermilion, English vermilion, patent vermilion, cinnabar, cen-obrium, cinaper, cinoper, cynoper, vermi-culus, zunsober, and red cinnabar. 

Vermilion and cinnabar are two bright red, toxic minerals that share an identical composition (they are both composed of mercury sulfide) but have different crystal structures. Two kinds of vermilion are known one of natural origin and another made artificially. Finely ground natural vermilion may vary in hue from red to liver-brown and even to black. Artificial vermilion was made from mercury and sulfur the method of preparation seems to have been developed by the Chinese and was introduced into Europe only during the eighth century c.e. (Gettens et al. 1972). 

Chinese Vermilion, which is so rich in color as to command five or six times the price of the European product, appears to be prepared in the ordinary way, leaving nothing to account for the superior brilliancy of shade except the sunnier climate. By careful selection, the finest portions arc collected, and, if necessary, ground and washed several times. In making the artificial product, one part of sulphur and four of mercury are introduced into an earthen pot, to which an iron cover is luted and bound with wire the pot with its contents is then placed in a fire of dried camel s dung. After sublimation, the cover is removed aud the pot broken, and the purest of the sublimate picked out from, the less-colored product, ground very fine, and the powder sifted into a large vessel of watar. When the red product lias subsided, the supernatant... 

American vermilion Arancio cromo Austrian cinnabar Basic chromium lead oxide (CrPb205) CCRIS 6187 Chinese red Chrome carmine, Chinese scarlet Chrome cinnabar Chrome garnet Chrome orange Chrome ruby Chromic acid, lead(2 ) salt (1 2) Chromium dilead pentaoxide Chromium lead oxide Derby red Dilead chromate oxide EINECS 242-339-9 HSDB 6185 Lead chromate oxide Lead chromate oxide (Pb2(Cr04)0) Lead chromate(IV) Lead chromate(VI) oxide Persian red Victoria red Vienna red. Pigments consisting of basic lead chromate. Red powder insoluble in H2O,... 

The Chinese were long regarded as the best makers of vermilion perhaps they took more pains with their work and thus produced a finer substance, for they are a gifted people and their patience is proverbial. The Chinese used vermilion as a royal colour in quite early times. Marco Polo (p. 55) states that the paper currency of Cublai Khan in the thirteenth century was stamped with the royal signature in vermilion. 

The Hindoos knew how to make vermilion at an early date. In the Rasarnava tantra, circa a.d. 1200 a method of manufacture is given which is essentially the same as that long practised by the Chinese. 

Carlyle (2001) also notes a number of terminological forms listed by English colourmen for cochineal lakes such as carmine, crimson lake, crimson lake extra, extra carmine lake, and crimson lake extra fine. Further, combinations of vermilion (q.v.) and carmine were given names such as carmine vermilion and Florentine and Chinese lake. 

Older synonyms for chrome red and chrome orange as listed by Kelly and Judd (1976) include American vermilion (q.v.) Australian cinnabar, Austrian red, Chinese red chrome cinnabar, chrome scarlet (q.v.), Derby red, garnet chrome, Persian red (q.v.) or muge de Perse, ruby red chrome, Victoria red and Vieimared. Seward (1889) apparently also identifies chrome red with pigments called Palladian red and PaUadian scarlet... 

Carlyle (2001) lists a number of nineteenth century British terms indicating shade and/or soiuce variants of vermilion including Chinese v., carmine v., European v., pale v. deep v. and (Field s) orange v. as well as scarlet v. and extract of v. Typical adulterants of the period are given by Salter (1869) and Standage (1887) these include brickdust and orpiment as well as iron oxide, Persian red and iodine scarlet (qq.vl). Toch (1916) describes permanent v. as well as American quicksilver v. and Trieste v., the latter so called because it was foimd and made in the region. 

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