Venous thrombosis, treatment

Groce, J.B., III. Patient outcomes and cost analysis associated with an outpatient deep venous thrombosis treatment program. Pharmacotherapy 1998, 18 (6 Pt. 3), 175S-180S. 

Prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, PE, peripheral arterial embolism ... 

The IV solutions of plasma expanders include hetastarch (Hespan), low-molecular-weight dextran (Dextran 40), and high-molecular-weight dextran (Dextran 70, Dextran 75). Plasma expanders are used to expand plasma volume when shock is caused by bums, hemorrhage surgery, and otiier trauma and for prophylaxis of venous thrombosis and diromboembolism. When used in die treatment of shock, plasma expanders are not a substitute for whole blood or plasma, but tiiey are of value as emergency measures until die latter substances can be used. 

Einhaupl KM, Villringer A, Meister W, Mehraein S, Garner C, PeUkofer M, Haberl RL, Pfister HW, Schiedek P. Heparin treatment in sinus venous thrombosis. Lancet 1991 338 597-600. 

Holder CA, Bell DA, Lundell AL, Ulmer JL, Glazier SS. Isolated straight sinus and deep cerebral venous thrombosis successful treatment with local infusion of urokinase. J Neurosurgery 1997 86 704-707. 

Handeland G. F., Abildgaard U., Holm H. A Arresen E. Dose adjusted heparin treatment of deep venous thrombosis a comparison to unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1990 39, 107-12. 

Tamoxifen users present also a doubling incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (118 vs. 62 cases). This increase is similar to that seen with HRT. There are some aspects of this side effect that should be commented on to improve the management of women eligible for tamoxifen treatment and at risk for DVT (Goldhaber 2005). In the subanalysis of the Italian study (Decensi et al. 2005), the venous thromboembolism definition included DVT, PE, and superficial phlebitis. Most of the VTE that the authors reported were, in fact, cases of superficial phlebitis, whereas the admitted definition of venous thromboembolism excludes this entity. Such conceptual differences, together with differences in age and background characteristics between the four studies, can explain the diversity in the incidences observed. 

Prophylaxis and treatment Prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension pulmonary embolism peripheral arterial embolism atrial fibrillation with embolization. 

Ceprotin, can be given. Ceprotin is of course also indicated for patients with severe congenital Protein C deficiency for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and purpura fulminans. 

I Unlabeled Uses Prevention of deep venous thrombosis, prevention and treatment of orthostatic hypotension, pulmonary thromboembolism... 

Treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, peripheral arterial embolism, atrial fibrillation with embolism Intermittently Initially, 10,000 units, then 50-70 units/kg (5000-10,000 units) q4 6h. IV Infusion Loading dose 80 units/kg, then 18 units/kg/hr, with adjustments based on aPTT. Range 10-30 units/kg/hr. 

Another example of a serious adverse effect that can surface through close systematic monitoring is the association of clozapine treatment with venous thromboembolytic complications (514, 515). Six cases of pulmonary embolism and six cases of venous thrombosis were reported to the Swedish Adverse-Reaction... 

Treatment for established venous thrombosis is initiated with unfractionated or low-molecular-weight heparin for the first 5-7 days, with an overlap with warfarin. Once therapeutic effects of warfarin have been established, therapy with warfarin is continued for a minimum of 3-6 months. Patients with recurrent disease or identifiable, nonreversible risk factors may be treated indefinitely. Small thrombi confined to the calf veins may be managed without anticoagulants if there is documentation over time that the thrombus is not extending. 

Hull, R.D., et al. "Heparin for 5 Days as Compared with 10 Days in the Initial Treatment of Proximal Venous Thrombosis, N. Eng. J. Med., 1260 (May 3. 1990). Hull, R.D., etal. "Subcutaneous Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Compared with Continuous Intravenous Hepann in the Treatment ol Proximal-Vein Thrombosis,"... 

Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with glucocorticoid treatment has rarely been reported. A relation between glucocorticoids and venous thrombosis has already been suggested but has never been clearly understood. Three young patients, two women (aged 28 and 45)... 

Sahdev P, Wolff M, Widmann WD. Mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with estrogen therapy for treatment of prostatic carcinoma. J Urol 1985 134(3) 563—4. 

Glucagon infusions in the treatment of tumor-induced hypoglycemia can cause adverse effects comparable to the effects of a glucagonoma (hyperglycemia, necrolytic migratory erythema, weight loss, anemia, angular cheilitis, and venous thrombosis), as reported in three patients (10). 

Ouriel K, Kaul AF, Leonard MC. Clinical and economic outcomes in thrombolytic treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and deep venous thrombosis. J Vase Surg. 2004 40 971-977. 

The goal in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is the prevention of recurrent, fatal embolism. 

In children the majority of cases of cerebral venous thrombosis occur under the age of I year, The optimal diagnostic test is MRI with MRV CT is less sensitive than MRI, The treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis in children is controversial. While some clinicians use anticoagulants, others prefer to treat conservatively,... 

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