Vegetable oils and their derivatives

Key words vegetable oil, drying-non-drying and semi-drying oils, extraction process of oil, purification of oil, structure and property, oleo-chemical, application. 

The annual global production of major vegetable oils increases every year to meet the growing demand for eco-friendly and renewable resources. Vegetable oils are mass produced renewable resources, mainly derived from the seeds of a wide variety of plants. The term describes triglycerides of fatty acids which are liquid under ambient temperature and pressure.  

1 Structure of a triglyceride (R represents the hydrocarbon parts of different fatty acids of the oil). 

---

G. Knothe, R.O. Dunn and M.O. Bagby, in Biodiesel the use of vegetable oils and their derivatives as alternative diesel fuels. USDA, Peoria, IL, 1996, Volume, p. 37. 

Knothe, G., and Dunn, R. O. 1997. Biodiesel The Use of Vegetable Oils and Their Derivatives as Alternative Diesel Fuels. In Saha, B. C., and Woodward, J. (Eds.), ACS Symp. Ser. 666, Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass (pp. 1172-208). Washington, D. C. American Chemical Society. 

Vegetable oils and their derivatives 67 Table 3.1 Main FTIR bands and corresponding functionai groups of oiis... 

In addition, emulsion polymerizations exhibit promising benefits and the possibility for efficient control of the composition and size of particles. As a result, this causes these processes to exhibit excellent results in the polymerization of monomers with low reactivity, such as vegetable oils and their derivatives [21,22]. Apropos to the production of polymer/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, pertain promising results of products intended for medical/pharmaceutical area, particularly magnetic nanoparticles used for the induction of controlled hyperthermia procedures in treatment of... 

As mentioned above, the metathesis reaction is a very useful tool in general organic synthesis. Within the scenario of vegetable oils and their derivatives for enabling the synthesis of monomers and their polymerisation, it has become indispensable because it opens possibilities for creating new molecules and materials from a worldwide set of available renewable resources. 

As a tool for monomer synthesis, the metathesis reaction is applied in fatty-acid modifications. That is, exploitation of the reactions shown in Scheme 5.1 CM, SM, RCM and ROM. However, due to the inherent long, acyclic, aliphatic structure of vegetable oils and their derivatives, and in view of further applications in polymerisation (or any other modification reactions), most studies on application of metathesis systems to unsaturated fatty acids have been based on SM and CM mechanisms (Scheme 5.1a and b) to synthesise the desired ensuing molecules (usually monomers). 

The ADMET polymerisation reaction associated with vegetable oils and their derivatives is now a fundamental tool for the preparation of novel materials. Increasing interest in materials that are not derived from fossil resources is a driving force stimulating researchers to develop methods and hence to create new materials that can deflect our dependence on petroleum. This blooming strategy can, therefore, be expected to proceed further. 

Diels-Alder Reactions and Polycondensations Applied to Vegetable Oils and their Derivatives... 

Vegetable oils and their derived fatty acids play nearly as important a role in surface coatings today as they did in the past because of their availability as a renewable resource, their variety and their versatility [61]. 

---