Vasoconstrictors, drug reaction

The answer is d. (Hardman, p T36J The addition of a vasoconstrictor, such as epinephrine or phenylephrine, to certain short-acting, local anesthetics is a common practice in order to prevent the rapid systemic absorption of the local anesthetics, to prolong the local action, and to decrease the potential systemic reactions. Some local anesthetics cause vasodilation, which allows more compound to escape the tissue and enter the blood. Procaine is an ester-type local anesthetic with a short duration of action due to rather rapid biotransformation in the plasma by cholinesterases. The duration of action of the drug during infiltration anesthesia is greatly increased by the addition of epinephrine, which reduces the vasodilation caused by procaine. 

Catecholamines are sympathomimetic drugs. Dopamine and norepinephrine are used as vasopressors (antihypotensives). Epinephrine is used as a vasoconstrictor, cardiac stimulant, or bronchodilator to counter allergic reaction, anesthesia, and cardiac arrest. It is also an antiglaucoma agent. 

Aminoindane (117) was smoothly converted into indanazoline (118) by either of the routes of Scheme 5.28. The reaction with 1-acetylimidazolidone and phosphorus oxychloride was followed by an aqueous deacetylation [127], The drug is a potent vasoconstrictor [128] used as a safe and effective nasal decongestant, recommended to help relieve the symptoms of the common cold [129,130]. 

Drug metabolism, 259 Gastrointestinal agents, 56 Hallucinogens, 13 Hypnotics, 28 Muscle relaxants, 28 Neurotransmitters, 270 Parameters, physicochemical, 314 Pharmaceutics, 302 Pharmacokinetics, 302 Physicochemical parameters, 314 Pulmonary drugs, 67 Reactions in Medicinal Chemi stry, 291 Reproduction, 189 Sedatives, 28 Steroid hormones, 199 Steroids, 281 Stimulants, 13 Vasoconstrictors, 77 Vasodilators, 77... 

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