Vascular endothelial growth factors myocardial angiogenesis

Bevadzumab (vascular endothelial growth factor-specific angiogenesis inhibitor) Arterial thromboembolic events, e.g., myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hypertension... 

Hedman M, Hartikainen J, Syvanne M, etal. Safety and feasibility of catheter-based local intracoronary vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in the prevention of postangioplasty and in-stent restenosis and in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia phase II results of the Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial (KAT). Circulation 2003 107(21 ) 2677-2683. 

Banai, S., Shweiki, D., Pinson, A., Chandra, M., Lazarovici, G., and Keshet, E. 1974. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression induced by myocardial ischemia implications for coronary angiogenesis. Cardiovasc. Res 28 1176-1179. 

Carmeliet, P., Ng, Y.S., Nuyens, D., Theilmeier, G., Brusselmans, K., et al. 1999a. Impaired myocardial angiogenesis and ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms VEGF164 and VEGF188. Nat. Med. 5 495—502. 

Zhang, D., Gai, L., Fan, R., Dong, W., and Wen, Y. 2002. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic angiogenesis from direct myocardial administration of an adenoviral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor 165. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 115 643-648. 

Yoon YS, Johnson lA, Park JS, Diaz L, Losordo DW. Therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factors. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2004 264 63-74. 

Angiogenesis, or growth of new blood vessels, appears essential in revascularization after myocardial infarction as well as in treating coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. Therefore, cardiovascular gene therapy has concentrated on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these diseases (Table 6). 

Hedman, M., Hartikainen, J., Syvanne, M., Stjernvall, J., Hedman, A., Kivela, A., Vanninen, E., Mussalo, H., Kauppila, E., Simula, S., Narvanen, O., Rantala, A., Peuhkurinen, K., Nieminen, M. S., Laakso, M., and Yla-Herttuala, S. 2003. Safety and feasibility of catheter-based local intracoronary vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in the prevention of postangioplasty and in-stent restenosis and in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia—Phase 11 results of the Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial (Kat). Circulation, 107,2677-2683. 

Yang, J. R, Zhou, W. W., Zheng, W., Ma, Y. L., Lin. L.. Tang. T.. Liu. J. X.. Yu. J. R. Zhou. X. M.. and Hu. J. G. 2007. Effects of myocardial transplantation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with vascular endothelial growth factor for the improvement of heart function and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. Cardiology, 107,17-29. 

Schwarz, E. R., Speakman, M. T., Patterson, M., Hale, S. S., Isner, J. M., Kedes, L. H., and Kloner, R. A. 2000. Evaluation of the effects of intramyocardial injection of Dna expressing vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in a myocardial infarction model in the rat—Angiogenesis and angioma formation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 35,1323-1330. 

Kwon, J.S., Park, I.K., Cho, A.S., Shin, S.M., Hong, M.H., Jeong, S.Y., et al., 2009. Enhanced angiogenesis mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor plasmid-loaded thermoresponsive amphiphilic polymer in a rat myocardial infarction model. J. Control. Release 138 (2), 168-176. 

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