Myocardial angiogenesis growth factors

Bevadzumab (vascular endothelial growth factor-specific angiogenesis inhibitor) Arterial thromboembolic events, e.g., myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, hypertension... 

Direct laser-assisted myocardial revascularization (DMR) is an approved technique in the US, Europe, and parts of Asia to create numerous myocardial channels. This results in the induction of a massive inflammatory reaction, which in turn induces angiogenesis. The other FDA-approved pro-angiogenic therapy is the use of recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor (Regranex) for use in the treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcer s. 

Udelson JE, Dilsizian V Laham RJ, et al, Therapeutic angiogenesis with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 improves stress and rest myocardial perfusion abnormalities in patients with severe symptomatic chronic coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000 102 1605-1610. 

Hedman M, Hartikainen J, Syvanne M, etal. Safety and feasibility of catheter-based local intracoronary vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer in the prevention of postangioplasty and in-stent restenosis and in the treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia phase II results of the Kuopio Angiogenesis Trial (KAT). Circulation 2003 107(21 ) 2677-2683. 

Banai, S., Shweiki, D., Pinson, A., Chandra, M., Lazarovici, G., and Keshet, E. 1974. Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor expression induced by myocardial ischemia implications for coronary angiogenesis. Cardiovasc. Res 28 1176-1179. 

Carmeliet, P., Ng, Y.S., Nuyens, D., Theilmeier, G., Brusselmans, K., et al. 1999a. Impaired myocardial angiogenesis and ischemic cardiomyopathy in mice lacking the vascular endothelial growth factor isoforms VEGF164 and VEGF188. Nat. Med. 5 495—502. 

Zhang, D., Gai, L., Fan, R., Dong, W., and Wen, Y. 2002. Efficacy and safety of therapeutic angiogenesis from direct myocardial administration of an adenoviral vector expressing vascular endothelial growth factor 165. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 115 643-648. 

Yoon YS, Johnson lA, Park JS, Diaz L, Losordo DW. Therapeutic myocardial angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factors. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2004 264 63-74. 

M. Shou, V. Thirumurti, S. Rajanayagam, D.F. Lazarous, E. Hodge, J.A. Stiber, M. Pettiford, E. Elliott, S.M. Shah, and E.F. Unger, Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on myocardial angiogenesis in dogs with mature collateral vessels, J Am Coll Cardiol 29, 1102-1106 (1997). 

Angiogenesis, or growth of new blood vessels, appears essential in revascularization after myocardial infarction as well as in treating coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease. Therefore, cardiovascular gene therapy has concentrated on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these diseases (Table 6). 

Adenovirus-based Gene Therapy Therapeutic Angiogenesis with Adenovirus 5 Fibroblast Growth Factor-4 (Ad5FGF-4) in Patients with Chronic Myocardial Ischemia... 

Fibroblast growth factor protein has been infused into the coronary arteries, or injected directly into the heart muscle. Because of poor FGF protein pharmacokinetics (i.e., low retention by the heart) [18], stimulation of myocardial angiogenesis requires high doses of FGF protein intracoronary infusion over a long period of time. 

Sellke, F. W., Li, J., Stamler, A., Lopez, J. J., Thomas, K. A., and Simons, M. (19%). Angiogenesis induced by acidic fibroblast growth factor as an alternative method of revascularization for chronic myocardial ischemia. Surgery 120,182-188. 

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