Vascular cell death

A- The immune system participates in tissue homeostasis by the elimination of oxLDL and infectious agents, and consequently by the decrease of vascular cell death. 

Denileukin diftitox is a combination of the active sections of interleukin 2 and diphtheria toxin. It binds to high-affinity interleukin 2 receptors on the cancer cell (and other cells), and the toxin portion of the molecule inhibits protein synthesis to result in cell death. The pharmacokinetics of denileukin diftitox are best described by a two-compartment model, with an a half-life of 2 to 5 minutes and a terminal half-life of 70 to 80 minutes. Denileukin diftitox is used for the treatment of persistent or recurrent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma whose cells express the CD25 receptor. Side effects include vascular leak syndrome, fevers/chills, hypersensitivity reactions, hypotension, anorexia, diarrhea, and nausea and vomiting. 

Polyphenols and flavonoids present in red wine and grape juice, fruits and vegetables, have potent antioxidant activity, which may slow down oxidative modification of LDL, and their subsequent toxicity (Wedworth and Lynch, 1995). Phenolic compounds exert cytoprotection on vascular cultured cells by inhibiting the calcium rise and subsequent oxidized LDL-mediated cell death (Vieira et al, 1998). These compounds may play a role in the relatively low level of coronary heart disease in Prance ( Fnench Paradox ) and other Mediterranean countries (Renaud and Ruf, 1994). 

Katoh O, Tauchi H, Kawaishi K, et al. Expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor gene, KDR, in hematopoietic cells and inhibitory effect of VEGF on apoptotic cell death caused by ionizing radiation. Cancer Res 1995 55(23) 5687-5692. 

Lizard, G., Monier, S., Cordelet, C., Gesquiere, L., Deckert, V., Gueldry, S., Lagrost, L., Gambert, P. 1999. Characterization and comparison of the mode of cell death, apoptosis versus necrosis, induced by 7 fj-hyd roxvchoIcstcroI and 7-ketocholesterol in the cells of the vascular wall. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol. 19, 1190-1200. 

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