Vapor applications

Dehydration The growing use of isopropanol as a clean-rinse fluid in microelectronics produces significant quantities of an 8.5-90 percent isopropanol waste. Removing the water and trace contan ii-nants is required before the alcohol can be reused. Pervaporation produces a 99.99 percent alcohol product in one step. It is subsequently polished to remove metals and organics. In Europe, dehydration or ethanol is the largest pei vaporation application. For the very large ethanol plants typical of the United States, pei vaporation is not competitive with thermally integrated distillation. 

Organic Vapor Analyzer (OVA) Hazard Monitored Toxic concentrations of organic vapors. Application This instrument is used to determine the relative concentrations of air contaminants. The information is used to establish levels of protection and other control measures such as site specific action levels. When equipped with the gas chromatograph option, it can be used for limited... 

Unlike other codes, ASME Section I, part PVG, specifically addresses the requirements for SRVs on very particular applications, more specifically, those used in organic fluid vaporizer applications. Here it is best to contact the manufacturer for assistance in selecting and sizing valves for this type of service. 

E. Bertol, F. Mari, and M. G. Di Milia, Programmable temperature vaporizer applications in an high-resolution gas chromatographic method for the quantitation of impurities in illicit heroin, J. Chromatogr., 466 384(1989). 

The discussion here will focus on how these properties relate to the various current alkali metal vapor applications (in various stages of development) listed in Table II. It should be emphasized that this table is meant to be representative, but not comprehensive (indeed the authors would very much like to learn of further applications). A majority of these applications have been previously discussed in a more extensive review by us (X), which includes 185 references only new references (2-32) not listed in (X) are given here. Many of the topics in Table II will be treated by the other authors in the volume, as indicated by the... 

Other additional alkali metal vapor applications include Cs and Rb for atomic clocks (, ) and gettering ( ), Na for solar tower heat transfer ( ) and K for a boiler topping cycle (32). 

Eq. (14.50). This is a complexiterative step, consisting of annmberof parts. Fora specific phase (liqnid or vapor), application of Eq. (14.50) requires prior calculationof mixture properties Z, P, and / and partial properties qi- The mixture properties come from solution of the equation of state, Eq. (14.38) or (14.39), bntthis requires knowledge of q as calculated from values by Eq. (14.56). Moreover, Eq. (14.55) for Cji includes the pure-species properties Z, and qi, wliich must therefore be determined first. The sequence of calcnlations is as follows ... 

Previous Work in Zeolite Conversion of Biomass Vapors. Applications of zeolites for the conversion of oxygenates in general and biomass pyrolysis products in particular has been previously reviewed (1,2). Over the last decade, Mobil researchers (e.g., 3-5) and others (6-17) have examined a variety of oxygenated compounds over HZSM-5 catalysts of various origins. Several investigators have converted wood pyrolysis products (10-14). 

Safety Relief Valves These valves become activated by upstream pressures that exceed some value. The valves serve as safety valves or relief valves. They are used in liquid or in gas, steam, or vapor applications. 

---