Vaporization and Vapor Pressure

Medical technicians take advantage of capillary action— the ability of a liquid to flow against gravity up a narrow tube— when taking a blood sample. The technician pokes the patient s linger with a pin, squeezes some blood out of the puncture, and then collects the blood with a thin tube. When the tube s tip comes into contact with the blood, the blood is drawn into the tube by capillary action. The same force helps trees and plants draw water from the soil. 

A Blood is drawn into a capillary tube by capillary action. 

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C. C. Stephenson and W. F. Giauque. "A Test of the Third Law of Thermodynamics by Means of Two Crystalline Forms of Phosphine. The Heat Capacity. Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure of Phosphine. Entropy of the Gas". J. Chem. Phys.. 5. 149-158 (1937). 

Fuel volatility is an extremely important factor related to fuel combustion and burning efficiency. Evaporation, vaporization, and vapor pressure of fuel can all be reduced in cold environments. Poor startability and warmup of gasoline and diesel engines can be directly related to fuel volatility. Also, cold kerosene will not vaporize and bum as efficiently in wick-fed systems. 

White, C. M., Prediction of the Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization, and Vapor Pressure at Various Temperatures for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1986 31, 198-203. 

White, C.M. 1986. Prediction of boiling point, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure at various temperatures for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. /. Chem. Eng. Data 31 198-203. 

Hildenbrand, D.L., McDonald, R.A. (1959) The heat of vaporization and vapor pressure of carbon tetrachloride The entropy from calorimetric data. J. Phys. Chem. 63, 1521-22. 

Valentine, R.H., Brodale, G.E., Giauque, W.F. (1962) Trifluoromethane Entropy, low temperature heat capacity, heats of fusion and vaporization, and vapor pressure. J. Phys. Chem. 66, 392-395. 

Russell, Jr., H., Osborne, D.W., Yost, D.M. (1942) The heat capacity, entropy, heats of fusion, transition, and vaporization and vapor pressures of methyl mercaptan. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 165-169. 

Giauque, W. F. and R. A. Ruehrwein The Entropy of Hydrogen Cyanide. Heat Capacity, Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure. Polymerization of the Gas in Chains of Indefinite Length. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 61, 2626 (1939). 

Unless stated otherwise, the values have been taken from the compilations by K. K. Kelley on Heats of Fusion of Inorganic Compounds, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 393 (1936), and The Free Energies of Vaporization and Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Siibstances, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. 383 (1935). 

The programs described cover thermodynamic data of water over a range of temperature from 0°C to 350°C. These data are for density, viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, surface tension, latent heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure. 

You have seen that the water molecule has a bent shape and therefore is a polar molecule. This accounts for many of water s interesting properties. What if the water molecule was linear How would this affect the properties of water, such as its surface tension, heat of vaporization, and vapor pressure How would life be different ... 

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