Vapor pressure temperature

Some selected chemical and physical properties of naphthalene are given in Table 1. Selected values from the vapor pressure—temperature relationship for naphthalene are Hsted in Table 2, as are selected viscosity—temperature relationships for Hquid naphthalene. Naphthalene forms a2eotropes with several compounds some of these mixtures are Hsted in Table 3. 

Table 2. Selected Values of Vapor Pressure—Temperature and Viscosity—Temperature Relationship s for Naphthalene ...

The most common a2eotropes (3,4) formed by the butanols are given in Table 2. Butyl alcohol Hquid vapor pressure/temperature responses (5,6), which are important parameters in direct solvent appHcations, are presented in Figure 1. Similarly, viscosity/temperature plots (1) for the four butanols are presented in Figure 2. 

The Clapeyron equation is most often used to represent the relationship between the temperature dependence of a pure hquid s vapor pressure curve and its latent heat of vaporization. In this case, dT is the slope of the vapor pressure—temperature curve, ADis the difference between the... 

Figure 2.2.5 Vapor pressure-temperature relationship for coolants.

The thermos phon circulation rate can be as high as 10 to 15 times the coolant evaporation rate. This, in turn, eliminates any significant temperature difference, and the jacket is maintained under isothermal conditions. In this case, the constant wall temperature assumption is satisfied. During starting of the thermosiphon, the bottom can be 20-30°C hotter, and the start of circulation can be established by observing that the difference between the top and bottom jacket temperature is diminishing. Figure 2.2.5 (Berty 1983) shows the vapor pressure-temperature relationship for three coolants water, tetralin, and Dowtherm A. 

Figure 4 shows vapor pressure curves of rare-earth metals[24], clearly showing that there is a wide gap between Tm and Dy in the vapor pressure-temperature curves and that the rare-earth elements are classified into two groups according to their volatility (viz.. Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Lu, non-volatile elements, and Sm, Eu, Tm, and Yb, volatile elements). Good correlation between the volatility and the encapsulation of metals was recently... 

This compares with a value of 2.421 for a determined using vapor-pressure/temperature charts. 

Because water will be present in liquid phase, it will only exert its vapor pressure. Temperature of flash = 80°C. 

The vapor pressure (P ) of a pure liquid at a given temperature (T) is the pressure exerted by its vapor in equilibrium with the liquid phase in a closed system. All liquids and solids exhibit unique vapor pressure-temperature curves. For instance, in Figure 2-79, lines BA and AC represent the equilibrium vapor pressure curves of the solid and liquid phases, respectively. 

Commercial propane and butane often contain substantial proportions of the corresponding unsaturated analogues and smaller amounts of near-related hydrocarbons, as well as these hydrocarbons themselves. Figure 20.1 shows vapor pressure/temperature curves for commercial propane and commercial butane. Due to its lower boiling point, higher rates of vaporization for substantial periods are obtainable from propane than from butane, and at the same time, appreciable pressures are maintained even at low ambient temperatures. 

Figure 20.1 Vapor pressure/temperature curves for commercial propane and commercial butane...

Curve AB is a portion of the vapor pressure-temperature curve of liquid water. At any temperature and pressure along this line, liquid water is in equilibrium with water vapor. At point A on the curve, these two phases are in equilibrium at 0°C and about 5 mm Hg (more exactly, 0.01°C and 4.56 mm Hg). At B, corresponding to 100°C, the pressure exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with liquid water is 1 atm this is the normal boiling point of water. The extension of line AB beyond point B gives the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid above the normal boiling point. The line ends at 374°C, the critical temperature of water, where the pressure is 218 atm. 

Quite recently, Thorn has derived an essentially identical set of normal equations when analyzing the vapor-pressure-temperature relationships (209) he did not deal with its solution. 

Vapor pressure Temperature not specified 10"4— 1 mmHg Rosenblatt et al. 

The properties of liquid metals can cause flow instability (oscillation) because of vapor pressure—temperature relationship. Most liquid metals, especially alkali metals, show a greater change in saturation temperature, corresponding to a given change of pressure, than does water. In a vertical system under gravitational force, the change of static pressure could appreciably alter the saturation temperature such that explosion -type flow oscillation would occur that would result in liquid... 

Pickett, O.A., Peterson, J.M. (1929) Terpenes and terpene alcohols. I.- Vapor pressure-temperature relationship. Ind. Eng. Chem. 21, 325-326. 

Dreisbach, R.R., Shrader, A.A.I. (1949) Vapor pressure-temperature data on some organic compounds. Ind. Eng. Chem. 41, 2879-2880. 

The next part is messy, but somebody s got to do it. I m going to use the vapor pressure-temperature data for the normal boiling points of both liquids in the Clausius-Clapyron equation. Why They re convenient, known vapor pressure-temperature points. When I do this, though, I exercise my right to use different superscripts to impress upon you that these points are the normal boiling points. So for liquid A, we have p and TJ if A is isobutyl alcohol,pi = 760 torr and T K = 101.8°C. For liquid B, we havep and T5 if B is isopropyl alcohol, p = 760 torr and T% = 82.3 °C. 

Wiener H (1948b) Vapor pressure-temperature relationships among the branched paraffin hydrocarbons. J. Phys. Chem. 52 425 130. 

FIGURE 9.11 Vapor pressure-temperature relationships of various vaporization and combustion temperatures of various metal-oxygen/nitrogen systems as a function of total pressure, both plotted in the form log P versus 1 IT. 

Cox chart chem A straight-line graph of the logarithm of vapor pressure against a special nonuniform temperature scale vapor pressure-temperature lines for many substances intersect at a common point on the Cox chart. kaks, chart cp See chemically pure. 

A122 Vapor pressure temperature VAPOR TEMP N 13 °C... 

A297 Flush vapor pressure temperature FLUSH VP T N 13 c... 

A313 Barrier vapor pressure temperature BARR VP TM N 13 C... 

The physical properties of solvents greatly influence the choice of solvent for a particular application. The solvent should be liquid under the temperature and pressure conditions at which it is employed. Its thermodynamic properties, such as the density and vapor pressure, temperature and pressure coefficients, as well as the heat capacity and surface tension, and transport properties, such as viscosity, diffusion coefficient, and thermal conductivity, also need to be considered. Electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, such as the dipole moment, dielectric constant, refractive index, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductance are relevant, too. Furthermore, molecular... 

The enthalpy of vaporization was calculated by the method of Reference 4 from the vapor pressure-temperature data found in D. R. Stull, Ind. Eng. Chem., 39, 517 (1947) cited from Hein and Schramm, Z. Physik. Chem., 86, 385 (1914). 

Thermodynamic Description of the Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship... 

Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium. In order to quantify the vapor pressure-temperature relationship (bold line in Fig. 4.2) we start out by considering the liquid-vapor... 

Figure 2-5A shows the cell full of liquid at temperature T, which is less than the vapor-pressure temperature of the substance. In Figure 2-5B, the substance has been heated at constant pressure to the vapor-pressure temperature. The injection of heat has caused the kinetic energy of the molecules to increase so that the molecules with the highest kinetic energy can escape the attractive forces to form a gas. Gas and liquid coexist. 

After the vapor-pressure temperature is reached, heat put into the cylinder does not cause an increase in temperature rather, it causes vaporization of the liquid. The temperature will remain constant as long as gas and liquid coexist. Figure 2-5D indicates that enough heat has beenputmib die cylinder to evaporate all the liquid and that additional heat has caused an increase in temperature to T3. 

The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with increasing temperature. Reviews on and discussion of different types of vapor pressure-temperature functions can be found in the literature [17-20]. The most common representation of vapor pressure-temperature data for a pressure interval of about 10 to 1500 mmHg [1] is the three-parametric Antoine equation ... 

Methods Based on the Frost-Kalkwarf Equation The Frost-Kalkwarf equation relies on four compound-specific coefficients to correlate vapor pressure-temperature data ... 

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