Vanadium abundance data

When the data for vanadium, nickel, cobalt, copper, and iron in petroleum of the Western Interior Region (15) shown below are divided by the average crustal abundance of these elements, the relation, V>Ni>Co>Cu>Fe is... 

Peter Zubovic. The coal is overlain by a black shale sequence which, in places, contains abundant pyritized marine fossils. Above the black shale there generally is a gray shale sequence. The thickness of the two units varies from place to place. The total thickness ranges from about 3-50 feet. I do not know the mineralogy of the shale. I suspect that there is a relation between the total thickness of the shale and the vanadium content of the coal. Parts of this area are being mapped at present, and in the near future we expect to have the data necessary to show if this suggested relation is valid. 

Two vanadium bromoperoxidases that differ in carbohydrate content [26,33] have been isolated from A. nodosum. The most abundant bromoperoxidase, V-BrPO-I, was found in the thallus, and the other bromoperoxidase, V-BrPO-II, was reported to be present on the thallus surface [26], A previous report also concluded that V-BrPO is present in two different locations of A. nodosum, one in the cell walls of the transitional region between the cortex and medulla of the thallus and the other in the cell wall of the thallus surface [34], More recent experiments demonstrate that vanadium-dependent bromoperoxidase activity is present in both the cortical and surface protoplasts of M. pyrifera [35], L. saccharina, and L. digitata [36], The biosynthesis of V-BrPO in the protoplasts of L. saccharina has been shown using [35S]-methionine [36], The vanadium bromoperoxidases are all acidic proteins [26] with very similar amino acid compositions [37], V-BrPO (A. nodosum) has been crystallized, although refined structural data have not been reported yet [38], A different isolation procedure, based primarily on a two-phase extraction system, has been described [39,40], This procedure works well for certain types of algae (e.g., Laminaria) but not for the isolation of V-BrPO from A. nodosum, the principal source of V-BrPO for the mechanistic studies. 

Chemical leach tests of the <50 p.m size fraction of dust samples collected around Owens Lake, using water (Reheis etal, 2001, and our unpublished data) and SLFs (our unpubhshed data), show that the dusts are sufficiently aUcahne and reactive to shift the pH of water and SLF to values near 10.5 and 9.5, respectively. Arsenic, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, hthium, zinc, and other trace metals or metalloids are readily solubilized from the dusts. The trace metals or metalloids leached in the greatest quantities are those that form oxyanion species or abundant carbonate complexes in solution, and that are therefore mobilized most effectively under the alkaline conditions generated by the alkaline dusts. 

For further elucidation of the mechanism of the overall reaction (V.57), one must determine the abundance of ionic species of tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium in a potassium pyrosulfate melt. Present data for the equilibrium of reaction (V.63) due to Mars and Maessen 53) are consistent with the assumption that tetravalent vanadium is present in form of VOi ions, whereas pentavalent vanadium is present in form of VOa and V0 + ions in comparable amounts 54). The concentrations of these ions are interrelated by the equilibrium of the reactions... 

There are two reports [23 24] of vanadium phosphorus one-bond couplings. ( V, I = 7/2, 99.8% abundant) and both of these resulted from the direct measurement of the metal NMR spectrum. Data are given... 

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