Van de Hulst

H. C. van de Hulst, Light Scattering by Small Particles, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New York, 1957, Chapt. 8. 

It was not possible to detect neutral hydrogen until the 21-cm spectral line (in the radio region), predicted by van de Hulst, was discovered in 1951. Since this radiation is unaffected by dust, regions become available which cannot be studied... 

Huffman, D. R., and J. L. Stapp, Optical Measurements on Solids of Possible Interstellar Importance, in Interstellar Dust and Related Topics (J. M. Greenberg and H. C. Van de Hulst, Eds.), Reidel, Boston, 1973. 

An excellent concise treatment of scattering—by molecules and particles, single and multiple—at an intermediate level is Chapter 14 of Stone (1963). Among the books devoted entirely to scattering by particles, that by Shifrin (1951) most closely resembles ours in that it discusses optical properties of bulk matter as well. Biit the two books that have influenced us most are those of van de Hulst (1957) and Kerker (1969) we are indebted to both authors. Another book on scattering, which emphasizes polydispersions, is by Deirmendjian (1969). 

Two of the more venerable works on multiple scattering are the review article by Milne (1930) and the book by Chandrasekhar (1950). A long-awaited treatise on this subject by van de Hulst (1980) recently made its appearance. Two reports, with many references, edited by Lenoble (1977) and by Fouquart et al. (1980), have been published by the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics. 

As far as notation for the scattering coefficients is concerned, we have followed as much as possible van de Hulst (1957) and Kerker (1969), with the exception of the opposite sign convention for the time-harmonic factor exp( — iwt). Kerker (1969, p. 60) gives a table comparing the notation of various authors who have written on the theory of scattering by a sphere. 

Box and McKellar (1978) derived the sum rule (4.81) under the assumption of a constant refractive index and within the framework of the anomalous diffraction approximation of van de Hulst (1957, Chap. 11). 

Justification for dividing the light scattered by large particles into diffracted, reflected, and transmitted components is provided by the localization principle (van de Hulst, 1957, pp. 208-214) whereby the terms in the Mie series are associated with each of these components. 

Further discussion of extinction by oriented particles is given in van de Hulst (1957, Chaps. 15 and 16). 

An interstellar dust cloud containing aligned particles may be looked upon as a linearly birefringent (and possibly linearly dichroic) medium (van de Hulst, 1957, p. 58) the cloud acts like a retarder. We showed at the end of Section 2.11 that linearly polarized light becomes circularly polarized upon transmission by a retarder. The first clear evidence for this kind of polarization mechanism was reported by Martin (1972), where light from the Crab Nebula was the source of linearly polarized incident light. 

FIG. 5.14 The real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of gold versus wavelength in air and in water. (Data from Van de Hulst 1957.)... 

Table 7. Refractive indices and optimal particle sizes of some white pigments (). = 550 nm) calculated according to the van de Hulst formula [1.27]...

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