Value order of magnitude

However, values orders of magnitude higher can occur in oils in specific localized areas of the world. 

Although in gas chromatography the reduced velocity is not much higher than unity, in liquid chromatography the small Dm values mean that the t) values [order of magnitude of values of diffusion coefficient... 

Due to imperfection of the Debye-Huckel theory and uncertainty of r j, activities coefficients calculated by this method for solutions of elevated temperature and pressure, even at moderate ionic strength (0.1 to 0.2), have precision only within the value order of magnitude. Because of this, the Debye-Huckel second approximation equation is used only for fresh and brackish waters with no greater than 0.2-0.5 (salinity less than 0.1 mole-kg" ) under conditions of low temperature and pressure. 

Quantity Equation Value Order of Magnitude Units... 

The lower portion of the anodic curve (nose of the curve) exhibits a Tafel relationship up to icritical which Can be considered as the current required to generate sufficiently high concentration of metal cations such that the nucleation and growth of the surface firm can proceed. The potential corresponding to icritical is called the primary passive potential (lipp) as it represents the transition of a metal from an active state to a passive state. Because of the onset of passivity, the current density (log i) starts to decrease beyond pp due to the oxide film formation on the metal surface. Beyond pp the current continues to decrease until at a certain value of potential, it drops to a value orders of magnitude lower than icritical- The potential at which the current becomes virtually independent of potential and remains virtually stationary is called the flade potential (fip). ft represents the onset of full passivity on the metal surface due to film formation. The minimum current density required to maintain the metal in a passive state is called passive current density (ip), ft is an intrinsic property of oxidation. 

The approximate values (orders of magnitude) of the logarithmic damping decrements of some oscillation systems are plotted in Table 2.1. 

Calculate the weighted network area Anetwork from Eq. (7.22). When the weighted h values i4>h) vary appreciably, say, by more than one order of magnitude, an improved estimate of Anetwork can be evaluated by linear programming. ... 

Fig. 4 illustrates the time-dependence of the length of top s water column in conical capillary of the dimensions R = 15 pm and lo =310 pm at temperature T = 22°C. Experimental data for the top s column are approximated by the formula (11). The value of A is selected under the requirement to ensure optimum correlation between experimental and theoretical data. It gives Ae =3,810 J. One can see that there is satisfactory correlation between experimental and theoretical dependencies. Moreover, the value Ae has the same order of magnitude as Hamaker constant Ah. But just Ah describes one of the main components of disjoining pressure IT [13]. It confirms the rightness of our physical arguments, described above, to explain the mechanism of two-side liquid penetration into dead-end capillaries. 

Usually, the denominator, if present in a similarity measure, is just a normalizet it is the numerator that is indicative of whether similarity or dissimilarity is being estimated, or both. The characteristics chosen for the description of the objects being compared are interchangeably called descriptors, properties, features, attributes, qualities, observations, measurements, calculations, etc. In the formiilations above, the terms matches and mismatches" refer to qualitative characteristics, e.g., binary ones (those which take one of two values 1 (present) or 0 (absent)), while the terms overlap and difference" refer to quantitative characteristics, e.g., those whose values can be arranged in order of magnitude along a one-dimensional axis. 

The density of states increases rapidly with energy but the Boltzmann factor decrease exponentially, meaning that Pcanon(T, E) is bell-shaped, with values that can vary by mar orders of magnitude as the energy changes. In the multicanonical method the simulatic... 

The time step should be at least an order of magnitude lower than the shortest period of internal motion. If hydrogens are present in a system near room temperature a value of 0.5 femtoseconds (0.0005 ps) is usually appropriate. 

The median of a set of numbers arranged in order of magnitude is the middle value or the arithmetic mean of the two middle values. The median allows inclusion of all data in a set without undue influence from outlying values it is preferable to the mean for small sets of data. 

The samples surveyed span a range of more than three orders of magnitude in f values. 

Comparison of this result with Example 3.1 shows that T AS and AH are of the same order of magnitude. Example 3.1 stressed that the value of AH estimated there was an upper limit. Experimental results show that the assumption of ideality-while a slight oversimplification-generally introduces an error of less than 10%. Comparison of the two examples shows how much more difficult it... 

At somewhat longer times the modulus undergoes a gradual transition to a value lower by 3 or 4 orders of magnitude than its glassy value. Observed on this time scale, the material has a leathery consistency. 

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