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Vacuum energy photon interaction

In this section, we present an overview of the photoabsorption cross section (o ) and the photoionization quantum yields (rh) for normal alkanes, C H2 +2 ( = 1 ), as a function of the incident photon energy in the vacuum ultraviolet range, and of the number of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule, because normal alkanes are typical polyatomic molecules of chemical interest. In Fig. 5, the vertical ionization potentials of the valence electrons, which interact with the vacuum ultraviolet photons, in each of these alkane molecules are indicated to show how the outer- and inner-valence orbitals associated with carbon 2p and 2s orbitals, respectively, locate in energy [7]. [Pg.114]

The radiative corrections depicted in Fig.l describe the interaction of the electron with the virtual photons (SE) and with vacuum electric current (VP). This interaction results in the shift of the atomic energy levels (Lamb Shift). It appears that not only the energy of the vacuum but also the energy of the interaction between atomic electron and the vacuum is infinite. Unlike the infinite vacuum energy the infinite interaction energy cannot be simply subtracted and a sophisticated procedure of renormalization is required to... [Pg.426]

When a sample maintained in a high vacuum is irradiated with soft X-rays, photoionization occurs, and the kinetic energy of the ejected photoelectrons is measured. Output data and information related to (he number of electrons that arc detected as a function of energy are generated. Interaction of the soft X-ray photon with sample surface results in ionization from the core and valence electron energy levels of the surface elements. [Pg.20]

In the UV and vacuum UV regions, the efficiency of the biological effects is usually evaluated based on the incident photon. The efficiency is expressed in units of m, and is usually called the action cross section. Another definition used to evaluate the efficiency is based on the absorbed energy, and is expressed in Gy ( = kg/J). This is commonly used in radiobiology. In this chapter, the word efficiency is used based on the incident photon, except when particularly described, because the interactions of photons with molecules are neglected when discussed using Gy. [Pg.472]

These field fluctuations in the vacuum will interact with the photon s electric and magnetic fields. The fluctuation in the interaction energy due to the magnetic field is given by [17]... [Pg.147]

Even if there is no electromagnetic field present, the vector potential exhibits fluctuations A = (4 ) + 84, so that even if there is only the vacuum, physics still involves this fluctuation. This is also seen in the zero-point energy of the harmonic oscillator expansion of the fields. So an electron will interact with virtual photons. If we represent all of these interactions as a blob coupled to the path of an electron, this blob may be expanded into a sum of diagrams where the electron interacts with photons. Each term is an order expansion and contributes... [Pg.450]

Suppose the vacuum to be filled with a uniform radiation field, or waves. Interaction of this field with an emitter, in an excited state, causes modulation of the wave field that spreads in the form of a spherical retarded wave. On reaching a suitable absorber, at a lower energy level, the modulation stimulates a matching sympathetic response, which is returned as an advanced wave, that reaches the emitter at the very time of initial modulation. Such a superposition of advanced and retarded waves amounts to the creation of a standing wave between emitter and absorber. Emitter and absorber are now in contact and the transaction is completed on the transfer of excess energy to the absorber. The standing wave that persists for the duration of the transaction triggers the transfer in the form of a photon. [Pg.274]

Fig. 1. The QED contributions of order a/it) to the bound-electron gj factor depicted as Feynman diagrams. Double lines indicate bound fermions, wavy bnes indicate photons. The interaction with the magnetic field is denoted by a triangle. Diagram (a) is also termed SE, ve (self-energy vertex correction), diagrams (c) and (e) SE, wf (self-energy wave-function correction), diagram (b) VP, pot (vacuum-polarization potential correction), and diagrams (d) and (f) VP, wf (vacuum-polarization wave-function correction)... Fig. 1. The QED contributions of order a/it) to the bound-electron gj factor depicted as Feynman diagrams. Double lines indicate bound fermions, wavy bnes indicate photons. The interaction with the magnetic field is denoted by a triangle. Diagram (a) is also termed SE, ve (self-energy vertex correction), diagrams (c) and (e) SE, wf (self-energy wave-function correction), diagram (b) VP, pot (vacuum-polarization potential correction), and diagrams (d) and (f) VP, wf (vacuum-polarization wave-function correction)...

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.656 ]




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Photon Energie

Photon energy

Photonic interaction

Vacuum energies

Vacuum energy photons

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