Photonic interaction

Not only can electronic wavefiinctions tell us about the average values of all the physical properties for any particular state (i.e. above), but they also allow us to tell us how a specific perturbation (e.g. an electric field in the Stark effect, a magnetic field in the Zeeman effect and light s electromagnetic fields in spectroscopy) can alter the specific state of interest. For example, the perturbation arising from the electric field of a photon interacting with the electrons in a molecule is given within die so-called electric dipole approximation [12] by ... 

Cohen-Tannoudji C, Dupont-Roc J and Grynberg G 1992 Atom-Photon Interactions Basic Processes and Applications (New York Wiley)... 

Interaction of an excited-state atom (A ) with a photon stimulates the emission of another photon so that two coherent photons leave the interaction site. Each of these two photons interacts with two other excited-state molecules and stimulates emission of two more photons, giving four photons in ail. A cascade builds, amplifying the first event. Within a few nanoseconds, a laser beam develops. Note that the cascade is unusual in that all of the photons travel coherently in the same direction consequently, very small divergence from parallelism is found in laser beams. 

The 3700A wavelength photons interact and excite the POPOP molecules. The POPOP in... 

Compton Effect—An attenuation process observed for x- or gamma radiation in which an incident photon interacts with an orbital electron of an atom to produce a recoil electron and a scattered photon whose energy is less than the incident photon. 

The intensity of a peak depends on the value of the photoelectron cross-section, a, which is a measure of the efficiency of the photon interaction with the electron. Each orbital has its own cross-section, so the intensities of XPS peaks will not be identical even when all else is ideal. 

A photonic realization of qubit can be obtained through the polarization state of a photon or usingthe continuous phase and amplitude of a many-photon laser beam [5,48]. At first, the difficulty in achieving significant photon-photon interactions necessary for multi-qubit operations can be seen as a drawback of this proposal. However, it was demonstrated that scalable QC is possible using only linear optical circuits and single-photon sources and detectors [16]. The method (known as the KLM scheme for Knill, Laflamme and Milburn) [49] uses quantum interference with auxiliary photons at a beam splitter as the source of interactions, and has... 

M. Altmann et al. Paper Contributed to the X International Symposium on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies, 23rd-28th July 2001, Rome, Italy, astro-ph/0106314... 

Group 14 (IV) elements as, 22 232 high throughput experimentation, 7 382t, 414t hydrides in, 13 609 introduction of dopants into, 14 428 ion dose for, 14 427 photon interaction with, 23 33—34 as photosensitive materials, 22 716 scanning capacitance microscopy,... 

Electrostatic repulsion between high-energy electrons -produced from an accelerator, or by photon interaction with substrate atoms - and valency electrons in the polymer cause excitation and ionization. The chemical reactions result from these species. 

Use potential energy curves to explain the various types of behaviour when photons interact with diatomic molecules. 

E.F. Plechaty, D.E. Cuhen and R.J. Howerton, Tables and Graphs of Photon-Interaction Cross Sections from O.lkeV to 100 MeV Derived from the LENT Evaluated-Nuclear-Data Ub., Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Report UCRL-50400, Vol. 6, Rev. 2 (1978). 

Charged Particle and Photon Interactions in Metal Clusters and Photographic Systems Studies... 

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