Vacuum assembly

One seizure revealed a veritable Rube Goldberg machine consisting of a boiler, a heat exchanger, a vacuum assembly and other components (with parts list, instructions and assembly methods) for a sophisticated hashish oil apparatus which was scheduled to be shipped to the Middle East. 

Apparatus for simple distillation in vacuum assembled from standard components a = three-neck round-bottomed flask NS 29 with 2 side tubes NS 14.5 h = thermometer with ground joint NS 14.5 c = boiling capillary d = still head with ground joints NS 29 and 14.5 e = Dimroth condenser ... 

Figure 31. Examples of CVD diamond windows mounted onto vacuum flanges. The two at either end show 100 mm diameter windows mounted to conventional CONFLAT vacuum flanges. The one in the middle illustrates a double flange configuration designed specifically for Gyrotron tube assemblies. All these vacuum assemblies have been tested to be vacuum tight to better than 10-9 mbar I s" after thermal cycling up to 450°C.

With the help of soft chemical synthesis the molecular precursor can be transformed into nanomaterials by retaining the molecular structure intact. The economical feasibility for the synthesis of molecular scaffold precursors was carried out via using a Schelenk type vacuum assembly by taking stringent precautions to avoid moisture. All solvents were dried by standard method [99-100]. 

Assemble the reaction apparatus with multineck adaptor, stirrer and gland, thermometer pocket and vacuum assembly as shown in Figure 3.17. 

Rubber stoppers are frequently employed in the laboratory in vacuum distiUation assemblies (compare Section 11,19) for distillations under atmospheric pressure bark corks are generally used. Many organic liquids and vapours dissolve new rubber stoppers slightly and cause them to swell. In practice, it is found that rubber stoppers which have been previously used on one or two occasions are not appreciably attacked by most organic solvents, owing presumably... 

In order to carry out a distillation, the apparatus is completely assembled, the water pump turned on to its maximum capacity, and the screw clip on the capillary tube in the Claisen flask adjusted so that a gentle stream of air bubbles through the liquid (see Section 11,19 for details of the preparation of the capillary tube). The barometric pressure is read, and if the resulting vacuum deter mined from the reading on the mano meter is satisfactory (as estimated from the temperature of the tap water), the flask may be heated in an air (Fig. II,... 

A stream of a liquid solution can be broken up into a spray of fine drops from which, under the action of aligned nozzles (skimmers) and vacuum regions, the solvent is removed to leave a beam of solute molecules, ready for ionization. The collimation of the initial spray into a linearly directed assembly of droplets, which become clusters and then single molecules, gives rise to the term particle beam interface. 

The code prescribes minimum requirements for the materials, design, fabrication, assembly, support, erection, examination, inspection, and testing of piping systems subject to pressure or vacuum. The scope of the piping covered by B31.3 is illustrated in Fig. 10-124. It applies to all fluids including fluidized sohds and to all seivdces except as noted in the figure. 

For top-feed applications, the most convenient assembly is that shown in Fig. 18-95. The depth of the dam must, of course, be sufficient to contain the total quantity of feed shiny required for the test. Since the test leaf is mounted on top of the vacuum receiver, it is nec-essaiy to provide a valve between the test leaf and the receiver so that the desired operating vacuum may be obtained in the receiver before the start of a test run. It is imperative, however, that there be no restriction in this valve. The preferred choice is a ball valve with the full bore of the drainage piping. 

Pressure-Vacuum Relief Valves For apphcations involving atmospheric and low-pressure storage tanks, pressure-vacuum relief valves (PVRVs) are used to provide pressure relief. These units combine both a pressure and a vacuum relief valve into a single assembly that mounts on a nozzle on top of the tank and are usually sized to handle the normal in-breathing and out-breathing requirements. For emergency pressure rehef situations (e.g., fire), ERVs are used. API RP 520 and API STD 2000 can be used as references for sizing. 

Figure 19.25 A pole assembly of a vacuum circuit breaker...

The vast majority of metallic bonded assemblies are cured in autoclaves. A small number are cured using mechanical pressure application devices (clamps, presses) or by drawing a vacuum under a bag over the part in an oven. Mechanical pressure is rarely used for a few reasons. For all but completely flat assemblies it... 

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